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IP Telephony
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
Trunks PSTN
WAN
Call processing for small to medium sized deployments VoIP integrated solution Up to 120 IP phones IOS based solution
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
2600XM
3700
1700
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
PSTN
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
WAN
H.323 SIP
WAN
PSTN Gateway and IP to IP Gateway functionality
PSTN
PSTN
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
What Is a PBX?
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Nyquist Theorem
IP Telephony
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Quantization
IP Telephony
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Example: ITU
ITU standards:
G.711 rate: 64 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 8 bits/sample G.726 rate: 32 kbps = (2 x 4 kHz) x 4 bits/sample
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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RTP header compression saves bandwidth by compressing packet headers across WAN links
Cisco Public
IP Telephony
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Narrowband links Slow links (less than 2 Mbps) Need to conserve bandwidth on a WAN interface
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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Skinny
Skinny
Analog Phones
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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CallManager Cluster
Vmail
H.323
CME
Recommended
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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WAN
Register Register
1000 2095551000
Register Extension number and/or E.164 number
Gatekeeper
2000 3095552000
Register Extension number and/or E.164 number
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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CallManager Cluster
Vmail
SIP
CME
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IP Telephony
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Auxiliary VLANs
Prevent unnecessary IP address renumbering Simplifies Quality of Service (QoS) configurations Separates Voice and Data traffic Requires two Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) one for Data and one for Voice Requires only one drop down Ethernet for the CallManager Express IP phone and the PC plugged into the phone
IP Telephony
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Recommended
171.68.249.101
Public IP addresses
IP Phone uses private Network IP Phone + PC on separate switch ports 10.1.1.1 171.68.249.100
Public IP addresses
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
IP Telephony
Cisco Public
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Address learning
Forward/filter decision
Loop avoidance
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
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802.1q trunking is enabled on the port The access VLAN is used for the PC plugged into the IP phone The voice VLAN is used for voice and signaling that originates and terminates on the IP phone Spanning tree portfast enables the port to initialize quickly
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
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802.1q trunk
Trunk on a router
interface fastethernet 1/0.1
encapsulation dot1q 10
ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.0
VLAN 10
VLAN 20
...
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IP Telephony
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IP phone send DHCP Discover broadcast requesting an IP address DHCP server selects a free IP address from the pool and sends along with the other scope parameters as a DHCP Offer
The IP phone initializes applies the IP configuration to the IP stack The IP phone requests it configuration file from the TFTP server
IP Telephony
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Defines the range of addresses that will be used to assign to DHCP clients
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IP Telephony
default-router IP-address
Sets the default gateway that will handed out to the DCHP clients
CMERouter(dhcp-config)#
Sets the DNS server(s) that will assigned to the DHCP clients
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Option 150 sets the TFTP server on the IP phone The TFTP server contains the configuration files and firmware for the IP phone
IP Telephony
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IP Phone Registration
IP Telephony
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Files
Files critical to the IP phone
Firmware SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml XmlDefault.cnf.xml SCCP-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-dictionary.xml Phonemodel-tones.xml
7960 Firmware 7940 Firmware 7920 Firmware 7912 Firmware 7905 Firmware 7902 Firmware 7910 Firmware
SEP SEP
TFTP Server
IP Telephony
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7960 Firmware
33 34
307067 Mar 1 2002 12:56:02 CP79050101SCCP030530B31.zup 710144 Mar 1 2002 12:57:06 cme-gui-3.1.1.tar
Firmware is installed in flash RAM with the Cisco CME software or individually as needed Served up by the TFTP server on the Cisco CME router The command tftp-server flash:firmware-file-name
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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FLP
Step 2 - The phone returns the FLP to the switch due to a completed circuit
FLP
Step 3 - Power is applied
Step 4 - Link is detected on switchport Step 5 - The IP phone boots up Step 6 - The amount of power really needed is passed through CDP from the IP phone to the switch
CDP
Power needed
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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CDP
Voice VLAN Step 8 - The IP phone initializes the IP stack and sends a DHCPDiscover broadcast message
DHCPDiscover
Broadcast Step 9 - The DHCP server hears the DHCPDiscover message and selects an IP address from the scope and sends a DHCPOffer
DHCPOffer
IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and TFTP server (option 150)
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IP Telephony
Step 11 - Using the address of the TFTP server learned from the option 150 in the DHCPOffer the phone looks for and downloads the file named SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml (where AAAABBBBCCCC is the MAC address), if the file is found the phone will register TFTP request for the SEP000F2470AA32.cnf.xml file
SEP
XML
SEP000F2470AA32.cnf.xml file
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Step 12 - If the firmware version currently on the phone is different than the version specified in the SEPAAAABBBBCCCC.cnf.xml file then the firmware is downloaded from the TFTP server
7960 Firmware
Firmware file Step 13 - IP phone will reboot if the firmware was updated
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IP Telephony
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Partially automated
Numerous commands from the CLI Requires knowledge of Cisco CME commands Simplifies deployment of many IP phones
Automated
Few commands needed from the CLI
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IP Telephony
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A question and answer session will start asking for basic parameters CTRL + c keystroke can be used at any time to break out of the setup mode No changes are committed until the end
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IP Telephony
DHCP pool created Firmware available to TFTP server Flash is searched and if firmware is found it will be loaded Creates SEP XML files at boot up and load to RAM Telephony-service configuration results DID configuration Firmware is searched and if MoH is found this entry is made
network 10.90.0.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 10.90.0.1 option 150 ip 10.90.0.1 tftp-server flash:P00303020214.bin tftp-server flash:P00403020214.bin telephony-service load 7910 P00403020214 load 7960-7940 P00303020214 create cnf-files max-ephones 10 max-dn 10 ip source-address 10.10.0.1 port 2000 voicemail 9999 auto assign 1 to 10 dialplan-pattern 1 2095559... extension-length 4 extensionpattern 1... moh music-on-hold.au
ephone-dn 1 dual-line
number 401 call-forward busy 9999 call-forward noans 9999 timeout 10
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IP Telephony
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telephony-service
max-ephones max-ephones max-dn max-directory-numbers
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tftp-server flash:filename
IP Telephony
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telephony-service
max-ephone maximum-ephones
Sets the maximum number of ephones that may be defined in the system (default is 0)
CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
max-dn maximum-directory-numbers
Sets the maximum number of ephone-dn that may be defined in the system (default is 0)
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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7940/7960
7920
7910 Firmware
7910
IP Telephony
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Identifies the address and port through which IP phones communicate with Cisco CME
Default
XML
10.90.0.1
IP Telephony
create cnf-files
SEP000F2473AB14.cnf.xml
XML
000F.2473.AB14 10.90.0.1
IP Telephony
keepalive seconds
Sets the length of the time interval between keepalive message from the IP phones to Cisco CME
telephony-service
keepalive 10
Keepalive
Keepalive
Default is 30 seconds, range is 10 65535 seconds If 3 keepalives are missed in a row, the device will have to register again
IP Telephony 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Sets a dial plan pattern which can expand extension numbers to E.164 numbers that can be used for DIDs
DN 1000
PSTN
ISDN PRI
DN 10XX DN 1099
IP Telephony
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mac-address 000F.2745.2AD8
button 1:1
IP Telephony
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IP Telephony
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-#- --length-- -----date/time------ path 1 399514 Mar 1 2002 12:56:28 P00305000301.sbn 2 22649180 Mar 1 2002 12:38:00 c3725-ipvoice-mz.123-7.T.bin 3 321939 Mar 1 2002 12:55:58 CP7902010200SCCP031023A.sbin 4 317171 Mar 1 2002 12:56:06 CP7905010200SCCP031023A.sbin 5 317968 Mar 1 2002 12:56:10 CP7912010200SCCP031023A.sbin 6 369950 Mar 1 2002 12:56:22 P00303020214.bin 7 333822 Mar 1 2002 12:56:30 P00403020214.bin 8 47904 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 S00103020002.bin 9 301298 Mar 1 2002 12:56:56 ata18x-v2-16-ms-030327b.zup 10 496521 Mar 1 2002 12:57:22 music-on-hold.au 11 1908762 Mar 1 2002 12:56:54 P00503010100.bin 12 21 Mar 1 2002 12:56:18 OS7920.txt 13 839984 Mar 1 2002 12:57:18 cmterm_7920.3.3-01-06.bin 14 307067 Mar 1 2002 12:56:02 CP79050101SCCP030530B31.zup ...
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French
Portuguese
IP Telephony
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
user-locale language-code
network-locale language-code
Specifies the set of call progress tones and cadence on the IP phone
IP Telephony
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
Specifies the set of call progress tones and cadence on the IP phone
IP Telephony
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Reset Command
Hard reboot Phone firmware changes
Restart Command
Soft reboot
IP Telephony
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
reset
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CMERouter(config-telephony-service)#
restart
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Setup Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting setup overview
Verify that a correct IP address and scope options are received on the IP phone Verify the correct files are in flash Debug the tftp server Verify phone firmware install Verify locale is correct Verify phone setup Review configuration
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IP Telephony
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Can verify if the SEP file for the phone is found Can verify the downloading of the correct firmware
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2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1]:phone SEP000F2470F8F8 re-associate OK on socket [1] 2 15:16:57.766: %IPPHONE-6-REGISTER: ephone-1:SEP000F2470F8F8 IP:10.90.0.11 has registered. 2 15:16:57.766: Phone 0 socket 1 2 15:16:57.766: Skinny Local IP address = 10.95.0.1 on port 2000
2 15:16:57.766: Skinny Phone IP address = 10.90.0.11 49692 2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1]:Date Format M/D/Y 2 15:16:57.766: ephone-1[1][SEP000F2470F8F8]:RegisterAck sent to ephone 1: keepalive period 30
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IP Telephony
IP Telephony
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ephone-2 Mac:000F.23FC.9CF0 TCP socket:[2] activeLine:0 REGISTERED mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:1 IP:10.10.0.13 52633 Telecaster 7960 button 1: dn 2 number 1001 CH1 keepalive 135 max_line 6 CH2 IDLE IDLE
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IP Telephony
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