ESPOON

PALOLAITOS

New Car and HGV Construction

Researched and prepared by: Robert B. Walmsley RN EMT (P) Consultant Rescue

Public Service Announcement

How to identify if your cow has mad cows disease..

If your cow sound like this

If your cow sounds like this

then fire up the barbecue.

may we suggest the fish.

Program
What is driving vehicle designers Regulations and standards

Effects on the human body and safety solutions

Airbags and seat belts New body and chassis materials How development in tool design, assists us to cope with these

Safety in passenger cars

America NHTSA
MVSS 208 MVSS 214

USA crash test

Velocity 56km/hr Dummies unrestrained Object has no crumple zone

object

FMVSS No. 208

Designing For Safety

Impact at 56 km/hr - 35 mph Frontal impact

Safety in passenger cars

European union (EU) directive 96/79 EC
Regulations have been introduced in 1996 for full implementation by 1997 European union (EU) directive 96/79 EC

Euro airbags Seatbelt tensioners with G force limiters Crush / distortion passenger cell at 64 km/h

EuroNCAP crash test

Velocity 64 km/hr 40% Overlap Dummies restrained in seatbelts Object has crumple Fixed Deformable Barrier zone

Frontal 3/4 offset crash test

Safety HGV
Regulations have been introduced in 1998 for full implementation by 2000 EN norm ECE R29 Crush resistant cabs Impact / distortion 15,000 kg Crush / distortion 25,000 kg/25 km/h

video

What is the community trying to achieve with the new norms?

Reduce death on the roads - Head injury deaths have been reduced by 67% in Europe, in cars with airbags. (James Lenard Et Al1998) - Death in road accidents cost $970,000= per person, most die in 17 to 45 age group
(L.M.Watson Et Al 1996)

Reduce serious injury on the roads - Reduction in injury patterns to the thorax and abdomen with the introduction of G force limiters on seat belts. (S.W. Rouhana Et Al 1998) - An intensive care bed costs $ 28,107 per week
(Mrs van Gils, University Hospital Rotterdam 1998)

Program
What is driving vehicle designers Regulations and standards

Effects on the human body and safety solutions

Airbags and seat belts New body and chassis materials How development in tool design, assists us to cope with these

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT pre 1996

Cause of death Head, neck and chest injuries.

Reason:
Contact with interior, fixtures and fittings. No seat belt worn Less effective crumple zones No airbags or agressive airbags

No side protection (SIPS)

Deceleration injuries or blunt trauma at > 40 km/h

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT post 1996

Cause of death Deceleration injuries : shock lung, bruising of the heart, tearing of the great vessels and tearing of the liver.

Effective crumple zones and passenger cell up to 64 km/h but ineffective > 64 km/h

These injury patterns presume that seat belts are being worn!

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT Blunt trauma caused by Kinetic Energy (KE) KE = M/2 x V 2
The Kinetic Energy involved when a 2 kg heart is travelling along at 64 km/hr and hits an immovable object

Converted to G force or Mass/ weight :

4069 units of energy = 49 G,s or 396 kg

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT 2 KE = M/2 x V

What is the kinetic energy involved when an 85 kg person is travelling at 40 km/hr

KE = 68000 units of energy

If the mass increased by 10 kg 95 kg @ 40 km/hr

KE = 76000 units of energy 10.53 %

If the velocity increased by 24 km/hr 85 kg @ 64 km/hr

KE = 174080 units of energy

160,93 %

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT

How can we survive this type of deceleration? Passive systems Crumple zones Energy deflection systems Non passenger cell penetration design

HSLA steel seat backs

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT

How can we survive this type of deceleration? Active systems Air bag energy absorption systems Seat belt systems with G load limiters Side impact systems (SIPS)

Head protection systems (HPS)

Side impact curtains (ITS)

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT

G Forces 100
Full impact energy Crumple zones

75
Energy deflection Airbags

50
G force Limiter

25
> 6 G

00 00 25 50 75 100 Micro second

Designing For Safety

Impact at 64 km/hr - 40 mph Front 3/4 impact

Program
What is driving vehicle designers Regulations and standards

Effects on the human body and safety solutions

Airbags and seat belts New body and chassis materials How development in tool design, assists us to cope with these

Airbags

Traditional airbags

Full Passenger airbags

Airbags

Secunet

Airbags

Door airbags

Seat airbag

Airbags

Roof frame and side airbags

video

Airbags

Roof frame and door airbags

Airbags

Airbags
Front view Back view

Volvo curtain airbags

Seatbelt pretension systems

Seatbelt pretension systems

Spring

Pyrotechnic

Seatbelt pretension systems

G force limiter

Program
What is driving vehicle designers Regulations and standards

Effects on the human body and safety solutions

Airbags and seat belts New body and chassis materials How development in tool design, assists us to cope with these

New body materials

Synthetic body panels provide very little purchase Composites may be difficult to cut with traditional cutters Dust and particles from composites can be hazardous

New body materials

Poly-carbonate chassis and windows

New body materials

Armour Glass BMW 7 series

Outer side
Outer Glass Thermo Poly Sheet Polycarbon glass

Inner Glass
Anti shrades liner

Thickness: 18.2mm

New body materials

New body materials

Laminated or

policarbon windscreen

Maintenance panel

Auto-lock doors and hatchs

Frame Construction
HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) Steel Increases rollover strength, Energy deflection system

Micro-alloy and Boron Steel

Side impact protection Passenger cell integrity

Tensile strengths
Holmatro cutter blades 2000 N/mm 2

Boron steel

1380 N/mm

Micro-alloy

700 N/mm

HSLA

350-550 N/mm

150-250 N/mm 2 Mild steel

Frame Construction
New crumple zone R.O.P.S.

Wheel & motor deflection

SIPS

Energy deflection system

Upgraded & New systems

Frame Construction

Side impact bars

Frame Construction : Cutting of ultra-hard steels

Ford Mondeo SIPS

Frame Construction

Side impact absorption cushion

Frame Construction

Boron steel HSLA steel

Frame Construction
Boron steel

Frame Construction

Side wall energy deflection system

Frame Construction

Energy deflection systems

Frame Construction

HSLA seat re enforcing

MECHANISM OF INJURY IN AN ENTRAPMENT Blunt trauma caused by Kinetic Energy (KE) KE = M/2 x V 2
The Kinetic Energy involved when a crate of beer, 12kg, is travelling along at 64 km/hr and hits an immovable object

Converted to G force or Mass/ weight :

24924 units of energy = 294 G,s or 2396 kg

Steel crush resistant frame

Now is not the time to find out that your cutter is not strong enough

Frame construction
HSLA steel Easy to spot weld Boron steel inside the A pillar and across dash pelmet Foam filling is also used for re-enforcing and acoustics

Upgrade your rescue tools You need the correct tools

A strong cutter with optimum blade design

45 tons of force 1 Large notch for initial cut

1 2 3

2 Sharp teeth to shatter ultra hard steel

3 Curved blade to hold material

You need the correct tools

SP 3240

A strong spreader with well designed tips

SP 3280

SP 3260

You need the correct tools

A set of powerful rams

Rams assorted

TR 3340

TR 3350

Some Space making techniques

TYPE : Front 3/4 removal 1. Strategic cuts

TYPE: Front 3/4 removal

1. Strategic cuts

Front 3/4 removal

Controlled Ramming

Front 3/4 removal

Controlled Ramming

Holmatro
Number One In

The World For

A Reason!