Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ZTE University
CDMA BSS T&D Team
Content
Transmission
Medium
Channels
Channel: An individually-assigned and dedicated pathway
transmitting one users information over the transmission medium.
CDMA
Power
TDMA
Power
CDMA
Power
CDMA
CDMA
frequency
point and
channel
CDMA
Forward channel 1.23
MHz
CDMA
Reverse channel 1.23 MHz
Code division channel
45 MHz
Frequency
Content
Spread
spectrum
Receiving end
1.
2.
3.
The data flow at the transmitting end is combined with one spread
spectrum sequence.
At the receiving end, only both at the correct timing and spread
spectrum sequences are available, the composite signals can be
compressed and be demodulated to the original data.
After being demodulated by using the spread spectrum code, the
demodulated original data flow still keeps intact.
C=B*log2(1+S/N)
C: Channel capacity (unit: b/s)
B: Bandwidth of signal (unit: Hz)
S: Signal average power (unit: W)
N: Noise average power (unit: W)
Conclusion
Categories
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Content
Walsh Code
Walsh code -------Walsh function,
orthogonal, used in the forward
spread spectrum in the CDMA system
0
0 0 0
0
0 1 0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
H n Hn
H2n
___
Hn Hn
Unique characteristic:
Mutually orthogonal
For example:
The correlation of the 23rd Walsh code and the 59th Walsh code
#23 0110100101101001100101101001011001101001011010011001011010010110
#59 0110011010011001100110010110011010011001011001100110011010011001
Sum 0000111111110000000011111111000011110000000011111111000000001111
WALSH CODES
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
#23
#23
#59
#23
#23
(#23)
PARALLEL
ORTHOGONAL
ANTI-PARALLEL
XOR: all 0s
XOR: all 1s
Correlation: 100%
(100% match)
Correlation: 0%
(50% match, 50% no-match)
Correlation: 100%
(100% no-match)
PN Code in CDMA
Pseudo noise (PN code): A signal similar to noise, seems
random but is actually the deterministic and periodic binary
sequence.
The PN code
in the CDMA
system
Short PN Sequence
I
Q
Feature:
Short PN Sequence vs. Itself @ 0 Offset
I
Q
I
Q
Long PN Sequence
Long code register
(@ 1.2288 MCPS)
AND
Public long code mask
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
P E RMU T E D
S UM
ESN
STATIC)
User long code sequence
(@1.2288 MCPS)
Modulo-2 add
Each mobile station uses a unique user long code sequence generated by
applying a mask, based on its 32-bit ESN, and the 42-bit long code register
which was synchronized with the CDMA system during the mobile station
initialization.
The rate reaches 1.2288 Mcps and the period is 41 d 10 h 12 m 19.4 s.
During calling, the user long PN codes generated by different mobile stations
are not strictly orthogonal, but they can be reliably demodulated to distinguish
the users in the reverse link because these long PN codes are greatly different.
Long PN code
2^42 1 (n = 42)
Short PN code
2^15
(n = 15)
Various usages
Forward channel
Reverse channel
Cell
64 chips long
64
codes
Type
Walsh code
Short PN
code
Long PN
code
Quantity Length
64
64
chips
1/19,20
0 sec.
32,768
chips
26-2/3
ms
75x in 2
sec.
242
chips
~41
days
Feature
Forward
link
function
Reverse link
function
Mutually
orthogona
l
Identify
the
channel
Orthogonal
modulation
Orthogon
al except
the 0
offset
Distinguis
h the
sector
Quaternary
spread
spectrum (0
offset)
Closely
Data
orthogona scramblin
g
l
Distinguish
the user
Summary
Summary
Spread-spectrum Theory
PN Code and Application
WALSH Code and
Application