Mohamed Yousef, Intel labs

Agenda
Introduction Challenges

Why Connected Vehicle

Applications and use cases

IEEE 802.11p/1609.x

Egypt case (open discussion)

DSRC Suite/WAVE PHY-MAC

Q&A -Links

Why Connected Vehicle

Safety: Egypt: 125,000 accidents in 2010, 8500 killed 35,000 injured1, 80% due to human error 20% road conditions 13,000 die annually putting Egypt high on the list of countries with most traffic fatalities U.S: 1,000,000 accidents occur annually . these accidents accounted for $230 B in damaged property, 2,889,000 injuries, and 42,643 deaths Economy: Road accidents in Egypt causing more than 2 billion LE of losses per year Environment: Carbon dioxide footprint Congestion: flow rate, incidents response Q:
1 Arab Road association 2 US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

History

(DSRC) standards suite is based on multiple cooperating

standards mainly developed by the IEEE (WAVE) Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment: core design aspects of DSRC and built over the IEEE 802.11 standards by amending many tweaks to guarantee fast reliable exchange of safety messages. WAVE is highlighted in IEEE 1609.1/.2/.3/.4

DSRC vs. Other Wireless Technologies

FCC assigned 5.850 to 5.925 GHz band range as a freely licensed

spectrum utilizing DSRC to enhance road safety (DSRC) delivering 27 Mbps data-rate using a two way shortrange radio -significantly lower cost compared to cellular/ WiMAX / satellite (Strict QoS) predefined min. delays for safety messages Minimal TX power - Privacy and anonymity of roaming users: Q

DSRC Components
(RSU) Road-Side Unit

:stationary unit connects roaming vehicles to AN then CN (OBU) On-Board Unit, network device in a roaming vehicle connected to DSRC wireless network (RSUother OBU) and also to an in-vehicle network (WBSS) Wave Basic Service Set: unique identifier for each communication zone

Standard Suite
DSRC is typically used as

an umbrella term that refers to the suite of standards DSRC Detailed functionalities of suite of standards Arrows represent the standards dependencies 802.11p depends ultimately on 802.11 with design tweaks for vehicular environment

Radio Arrangement

5.9 GHz spectrum divided into smaller operational channels (10Mhz) each DSRC device uses the Control Channel CCH and at least one Service Channel SCH as long as it remains connected to the same WBSS The High Availability Low Latency (HALL) channel is reserved for future use

General rule, CCH (178) is exclusively used for safety and control information SCH is typically used for IP-based services.

each WBSS zone must utilize channel 178 for safety messages, then, it may utilize one or more SCH of the available 4
Devices initiating WBSS are encouraged to avoid using the same SCHs selected by neighbors.

WAVE PHY Parameters

Relies on the IEEE 802.11a (OFDM) Ch BW: 10Mhz rather than the 20

MHz as designed in the IEEE 802.11 52 sub-carriers, modulated using BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM Convolution coding with a coding rate of 1/2, 2/3, or 3/4. The data rates are determined by coding rate and modulation type Data rates 9, 12, 18, 24, and 27Mbps @ 0 60 Km/h vehicle speed 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 12Mbps @ 60120 Km/h vehicle speed Q: Single and Multiple-Channel Radios

Channel Synchronization

Single-Multiple channel radios devices CCHI &SCHI actual resource utilization are delayed after switching by a period Interoperability called Guard Interval (GI) to accommodate for device differences Two vehicles two Radios Scenario Minimize GI by adopting accurate and efficient synchronization mechanism Synchronization mechanism is required for devices to monitor and/or utilize the Two major approaches First : devices to align their radio clock to (CCH) at common time intervals

device visits the CCH & SCH for a period called CCH Interval (CCHI) & (SCHI)

the earliest clock signal the device receives.(zone by zone) Second assumes the availability of global clock signal with sufficient accuracy (like UTC) from GPS.

DSRC communication stack reference model

Dividing major WAVE architecture into blocks

Two major planes

Data plane: focused on processing of device data like adding or removing frame headers. Management plane is focused on communication commands such as synchronization, channel switching.

Data Service Access Points define formal interfaces between different data stacks (green) or Management stacks(red)
WAVE Short Message Protocol WSMP is unique to DSRC. WAVE Management Entity (WME). Manages frame queuing, priority channels and handling of safety messages

MAC QoS Architecture

Quality of Service (QoS) in WAVE and 802.11p

two channel operations

One of the major additions is WSMP packets transmission. For each WSMP packet the standards dictate that it should be transmitted using: (1) data-rate defined in-packet, (2) channel number defined in packet, (3) transmission power defined in-packet Unique MAC implementing

Access category queues (ACI) on a per-channel basis Addition of Channel Coordination Function (CCF). The

CCF implements a Channel Router and a Channel Selector

MAC QoS Architecturecont.

The Channel Router

Detects the arrival of a WSMP datagram by checking the EtherType field of the 802.2 header. Then forwards it to the correct queue based on 1-Channel identified in the WSMP header (dropped if invalid #) 2-Packet priority.

Channel Selector:

set of legal channels at a particular point in time and how long the WAVE device monitors and utilizes a specific channel. decides to drop data if it is supposed to be transmitted over an invalid channel like the case when a channel does not exist any longer. .

(MIB) identifying policy

handlers.

Synchronization timeline

Channel Coordination
When a WAVE device joins a WBSS, it listens to the CCH until it receives

the service announcements which contain both CCHI and SCHI

WAVE device which exchanges information and/or listens to at

least two channels at a time. In a WAVE environment, singlechannel and multichannel WAVE devices may also decide to remain on the CCH ignoring the SCH, but cannot ignore the CCH

Videos
A

Crash Avoidance