PRESIPITASI

Emilya Nurjani

?Precipitation
Precipitation is any form of water that falls to the Earth's surface. Different forms of precipitation include rain, snow, sleet, and freezing rain.

Sumber utama air di permukaan bumi adalah hujan (IMPORTANT) dibutuhkan oleh :

Presipitasi juga mempunyai dampak negatif, seperti

Syarat terjadinya hujan

1. Kandungan atmospheric moisture yang cukup

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE
Represented as humidity
The more humid the air the greater amount of moisture The bigger chance to get clouds

Syarat terjadinya hujan

1. Kandungan atmospheric moisture yang cukup 2. Terbentuknya awan

Clouds can be formed if the air is getting cold The air is getting cold if the air moves upward

cirruss

cumulus art

cumulonimbus

Syarat terjadinya hujan

1. Kandungan atmospheric moisture yang cukup 2. Terbentuknya awan 3. Terbentuknya hujan

JENIS AWAN

 High Clouds 5,000-13,000m

Middle Clouds 2,000-7,000m

Low Clouds Surface-2,000m

Stratus

Clouds with Vertical Growth Surface-13,000m

Unusual Clouds (View cloud heights on each cloud's individual page)

Contrails 5,000-13,000m

The cloud heights provided in this table are for the mid-latitudes. Cloud heights are different at the tropics and in the polar regions. In addition, a few other cloud types are found in higher layers of the atmosphere. Polar stratospheric clouds are located in a layer of the atmosphere called the stratosphere. Polar mesoshperic, or noctilucent, clouds are located in the atmospheric layer called the mesosphere

Precipitation is condensed moisture that falls to the ground as rain, sleet, snow, hail, or freezing rain.

1. Snow

 Snow is part of the cryosphere. It is a type of precipitation in which water falls as ice crystals, or combinations of many ice crystals, called snowflakes. Snowflakes form in clouds where the temperature is below freezing (0C, or 32F). The ice crystals form around tiny bits of dirt that have been carried up into the atmosphere by the wind. As the snow crystals grow, they become heavier and fall toward Earth. Each snowflake can be made of as many as 200 ice crystals. Many snowflakes are symmetrical hexagonal (six-sided) shapes because water molecules often organize with this type of symmetry as they freeze. If they spin like tops as they fall to the ground, they may be perfectly symmetrical. Other types of snowflakes end up lopsided. Different types of snowflakes form in different conditions. Temperature determines if the crystals become a flat plate, a long column, or a prism shape.

 From this picture, you can see where relatively snow would be in the atmosphere during a warm and cold front confrontation. The interesting thing about snow is that it is formed by means of sublimation. Sublimation is the changing of gaseous water vapor into solid water (snowflakes) without going through the liquid stage of water.

2. Sleet

 Sleet is defined as frozen raindrops that bounce on impact with the ground. Sleet is shown as pink in this picture on the cold side of the warm front. As temperatures continue to decrease, freezing rain turns into sleet. Sleet is less common than freezing rain, and the largest difference between the two is that sleet is frozen before it comes in contact with a cold surface.

 As you can see in this picture, rain falls from the clouds and encounters a cold belt of air causing the raindrops to freeze into snowflakes. Then the frozen rain hits a belt of warm air, causing them to partially melt. Then the wet snow hits a final belt of really frigid air which causes them to refreeze into sleet. Sleet develops under very specific weather conditions. It is difficult to forecast. It is similar to freezing rain with the respect that it makes slippery conditions, but another difference between the two is that sleet is easily visible and does not stick to objects while freezing rain is transparent and sticks to everything. Sleet often falls with snow and rain. It occurs only during winter, which makes it different from hail that can fall during any time of the year.

3. Rain

 Rain, the most common form of precipitation, consists of droplets of liquid water. Most times rain develops through the grouping of water droplets around ice crystals that are formed in cumulus clouds in high altitudes. Sometimes rain forms in lower altitudes, however. The small rain droplets fuse with more rain drops as they begin to fall, making them as large as we see them when they hit the ground. A brief afternoon shower, a steady multi-day rain shower, or a heavy tropical rainstorm all bring rain. Sometimes raindrops can be so small that they form a fine mist called a drizzle. This type of rain is so light that air currents can easily push the drizzle whatever direction it chooses. Therefore drizzle seldom falls vertically.

4. Freezing Rain

 Freezing rain is defined as rain that falls as a liquid but freezes into glaze upon hitting the ground. This is called super-cooled water droplets that freeze on impact of cold surfaces. Freezing rain is shown in blue in this diagram in the cold side of a warm front. Here surface temperatures are at or just below the freezing point.

 In this diagram you can see the development of freezing rain. As you can see at the top of the picture shows freezing temperatures high in altitude. Snow falls, and when the temperatures reach above 0 degrees Celsius, the snow melts completely into rain. When the rain reaches a super-cold environment even lower in altitude, the water droplets freeze on contact with the cold ground surface turning instantly from water drops to ice. This freezing on contact is the supercooling part of the production of freezing rain. Freezing rain, also known as ice storms, are very dangerous in the winter because they can cause power outages, injuries, and other accidents. It is very wise to stay indoors when the precipitation is freezing rain because it can become very slippery outside, especially on roads

Hail

 Hail is by far, the least common form of precipitation out of rain, sleet, snow, or freezing rain. It occurs most often during the summer. Cumulonimbus clouds produce hailstones, which can vary in size from five millimeters to larger than the size of a baseball, such as the one in the picture above. Ice crystals are lifted by strong updrafts in these clouds. Then the ice crystals fall through the cloud, collecting supercooled water droplets along the way. This process can be repeated multiple times. The collected water droplets freeze onto the ice crystal, and a hailstone is created. Hailstones can be destructive to crops, cars, buildings, and many other things outside. Oftentimes when there is hail, there is also the chance for thunder and lightning, so it is wise to go inside during a hailstorm to protect yourself not only from being hit by large hailstones, but to be safe from lightning.