Median Filtering

In signal processing, it is often desirable to be able to perform some kind of noise reduction on an image or signal. The median filter is a nonlinear digital filtering technique, often used to remove noise. Median filtering is very widely used in digital image processing because it preserves edges while removing noise.

Course Name: Digital Image Processing Author(s) : Phani Swathi Chitta Mentor: Prof. Saravanan Vijayakumaran

Level(UG/PG): UG

*The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license

Learning Objectives
After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to: Explain the reduction of noise using a median filter

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Definitions of the components/Keywords:

The median filter is a sliding-window spatial filter. It replaces the value of the center pixel with the median of the intensity values in the neighborhood of that pixel. Median filtering is a nonlinear operation often used in image processing to reduce "salt and pepper" noise. A median filter is more effective than convolution when the goal is to simultaneously reduce noise and preserve edges. Median filters are particularly effective in the presence of impulse noise, also called salt and pepper noise because of its appearance as white and black dots superimposed on an image.

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For every pixel, a 3x3 neighborhood with the pixel as center is considered. In median filtering, the value of the pixel is replaced by the median of the pixel values in the 3x3 neighborhood.

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Master Layout
Original Image Image with Salt & pepper noise Image after filtering

Give a slider ranging from 0 to 1 so that user can select any one value of noise density.

Step 1:

Noise density 0.01

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.01, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.01 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 2:

Noise density 0.02

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.02, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.02 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 3:

Noise density 0.05

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.05, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.05 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 4:

Noise density 0.07

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.07, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.07 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 5:

Noise density 0.09

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.09, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.09 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 6:

Noise density 0.1

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.1, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.1 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 7:

Noise density 0.15

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.15, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.15 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 8:

Noise density 0.2

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.2, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.2 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 9:

Noise density 0.22

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.22, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.22 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 10:

Noise density 0.3

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.3, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.3 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 11:

Noise density 0.4

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.4, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.4 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 12:

Noise density 0.5

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.5, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.5 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 13:

Noise density 0.6

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.6, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.6 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 14:

Noise density 0.7

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.7, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.7 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 15:

Noise density 0.8

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.8, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.8 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 16:

Noise density 0.9

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 0.9, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 0.9 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Step 17:

Noise density 1

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Instruction for the animator The first fig. should appear and then when the slider points at 1, the second fig. should be shown The text in DT should appear in parallel to the figures Text to be displayed in the working area (DT) The image with salt & pepper noise with noise density 1 The resulting image after median filtering is done

Electrical Engineering Slide 1

Introduction

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Definitions Analogy

Slide 23, 24,25

Slide 26 Interactivity:
Try it yourself

Want to know more Test your understanding Lets Sum up (summary) (Further Reading) (questionnaire)

Select any one of the figures a b

c d

Select the amount of noise density

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Credits

Questionnaire
1.What is the value of the yellow box after median filtering?

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Answers: a) 7

b) 1

c) 3

d) 9

Questionnaire
2.

What are the values of yellow boxes after median filtering is done? Answers: a) b)

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Questionnaire
2.

What are the values of yellow boxes after median filtering is done? Answers: c) d)

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Links for further reading

Reference websites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_filter http://medim.sth.kth.se/6l2872/F/F7-1.pdf

Books:
Digital Image Processing Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Third edition, Prentice Hall