A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets

Mayur Muley TE IT 11238

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Outline

Introduction Challenged Internet Characteristics of Challenged internets & Current solutions Can we use TCP/IP for architecture?

A Delay Tolerant Message Based Overlay Architecture

Application Interface Conclusion

Three key assumption to achieve todays end-toend inter-process communication:

1.An end-to-end path exists between a data source and its peer(s).

2.The maximum round-trip time between any node pairs in the network is not excessive.
3.The end-to-end packet drop probability is small.

Introduction
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What is challenged network?

Communication environment where expectation of link or path characteristics no longer hold

Challenged networks :
1.Exotic Media Networks.
2.Military Ad-Hoc Networks.. 3.Sensor/Actuator Networks.

Challenged Networks
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A general purpose message-oriented reliable overlay architecture as the appropriate approach to tie together such networks, forming an internetwork of challenged internets. Its design is influenced by :
the internet design( interoperability) The non-interactive delivery semantics of electronic mail US Postal System.

Challenged networks ( cont. )

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Some approaches to adapt Internet to unusual environments:

1.Link-repair approaches. 2.Use proxy agents.

Current solutions
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Path and Link Characteristic

1.High Latency, Low Data Rate. 2.Disconnection: Non-faulty disconnections
A.
B.

Motion
Low-duty-cycle

3.Long Queuing Times

Characteristics of Challenged Networks

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Network Architectures
1.Interoperability Considerations.

Networks may use application-specific framing formats, data packet size restrictions, limited node addressing and naming etc.

2.Security:

typically require some exchange of challenges or keys.

Uses base idea of public key encryption technique.

Characteristics of Challenged Networks

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Can we use TCP/IP?

Ans : No WHY ? Reasons are:

Transport layer (TCP) High latency and moderate to high loss rates severely limit TCPs performance

Network layer (IP) Performance affected by loss of fragments

Can we use TCP/IP?

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A DELAY TOLERANT MESSAGE BASED OVERLAY ARCHITECTURE

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Message switching
Use message aggregates or bundles Allows networks path selection and scheduling functions apriori knowledge of the size and performance requirements of data transfers

Abstraction
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DTN gateways are interconnection points between dissimilar network protocol and addressing families called regions
e.g. Internet-like, Ad-hoc, Mobile etc.

Function of DTN gateways :

Perform reliable message routing Perform security checks Store messages for reliable delivery Naming & addressing

Regions and DTN Gateways

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Two variable length portions

Region name Globally-unique. Used by DTN gateways for forwarding messages Entity name Resolvable within the specified region, need not be unique outside it E.g. { internet.icann.int, http://www.ietf.org/ }

Name Tuples
October 14, 2013 Anshul Kantawala 14

Similar to the Postal service

Delivery priority: low, ordinary, high Notifications of mailing, delivery to receiver and route taken
Regions and DTN Gateways

Reliable delivery using custody transfer at each routing hop

Class of Service
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Each message contains

Identity of sender Requested class of service (CoS)

Use public key cryptography

First DTN router verifies user and validates CoS request.
Re-signs message using its key and sends it back

Security
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The DTN architecture is built as an overlay network using messages as the primary unit of data interchange.

Application interface is non-blocking

Also has registration and callback functions between bundle-based applications and the local forwarding agent

APPLICATION INTERFACE
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DTN architecture attempts to provide interoperable communications between and among challenged networks.

Design uses message switching with in-network retransmission, late-binding of names and routing tolerant of network partitioning.

Conclusion
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THANK YOU!!

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ANY QUESTIONS ?

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