The Mole

23 6.02 X 10

What is a mole?
A.) A blind furry animal.
B.) A brown mark on

your body. C.) An important Chemistry concept. D.) All of these.

Although a mole might be cute and fuzzy, we are going to focus on the Chemistry concept.

Counting Atoms
Chemistry is a quantitative science - we need a

"counting unit."
The MOLE 1 mole is the amount of substance that contains as

many particles (atoms or molecules) as there are in 12g of Carbon-12.

A mole is a counting unit. Just like:

12 eggs equals a dozen eggs
144 pencils equals one gross of pencils 2 socks equals a pair of socks. 500 sheets of paper equals one ream

One mole equals 6.022 x particles

23 10

So one mole of eggs would be 6.022 x 1023 eggs One mole of pencils would be 6.022 x 1023 pencils And so on...

How Big is a Mole?

One mole of marbles would cover the entire Earth (oceans included) for a depth of three miles!!!!

One mole of $100 bills stacked one on top of another would reach from the Sun to Pluto and back 7.5 million Times!!!!

It would take light 9500 years to travel from the bottom to the top of a stack of 1 mole of $1 bills!!!!

Avogadros Number
A MOLE of any substance contains as many elementary units (atoms

and molecules) as the number of atoms in 12 g of the isotope of carbon-12. This number is called AVOGADROs number NA = 6.02 x 1023 particles/mol The mass of one mole of a substance is called MOLAR MASS Examples H2 hydrogen 2 g/mol He helium 4 g/mol N2 nitrogen 28 g/mol O2 oxygen 32 g/mol CO2 carbon dioxide 44 g/mol

What is all of this used for?

Avogadros constant can be used to convert an amount

of moles into the equivalent number of atoms or grams.

This conversion is similar to changing 8 dozen eggs into

the number of individual eggs.

The Mole
1 dozen cookies = 12 cookies 1 mole of cookies = 6.02 X 1023 cookies 1 dozen cars = 12 cars 1 mole of cars = 6.02 X 1023 cars

1 dozen Al atoms = 12 Al atoms 1 mole of Al atoms = 6.02 X 1023 atoms

Note that the NUMBER is always the same, but the MASS is very different!

A Mole of Particles Contains 6.02 x 1023 particles

1 mole C = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms
1 mole H2O = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules

1 mole NaCl = 6.02 x 1023 NaCl molecules

6.02 x 1023 Na+ ions and 6.02 x 1023 Cl ions

Using the mole concept is very much like using dozen. How many eggs are in 3.5 dozen eggs?
Equivalence statement: 1 dozen eggs = 12 eggs

3.5 dozen eggs

)(

12 eggs

1 dozen

= 42 eggs

How many Mg atoms are in 3.5 moles of Mg?

Equivalence statement: 1 mole Mg = 6.022X1023 Mg atoms

3.5 mole Mg

)(

6.022X1023 Mg atoms 1 mole Mg

= 2.1X1024 Mg atoms
13

Mole Calculations I
How many sodium atoms are in 0.120 mol Na?
Step 1: we want atoms of Na Step 2: we have 0.120 mol Na Step 3: 1 mole Na = 6.02 1023 atoms Na

0.120 mol Na

6.02 1023 atoms Na

1 mol Na

= 7.22 1022 atoms Na

Mole Calculations I
How many moles of potassium are in 1.25 1021 atoms K?
Step 1: we want moles K Step 2: we have 1.25 1021 atoms K Step 3: 1 mole K = 6.02 1023 atoms K

1.25

1021

atoms K

1 mol K
6.02 1023 atoms K

= 2.08 10-3 mol K

Molar Mass
The atomic mass of any substance expressed in grams is the

molar mass (MM) of that substance.

The atomic mass of iron is 55.85 amu. Therefore, the molar mass of iron is 55.85 g/mol. Since oxygen occurs naturally as a diatomic, O2, the molar

mass of oxygen gas is 2 times 16.00 g or 32.00 g/mol.

Learning Check
1. Number of atoms in 0.500 mole of Al a) 500 Al atoms b) 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms c) 3.01 x 1023 Al atoms

2.Number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 S atoms a) 1.0 mole S atoms b) 3.0 mole S atoms c) 1.1 x 1048 mole S atoms

Calculating Molar Mass

The molar mass of a substance is the sum of the molar masses

of each element.
What is the molar mass of magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2? The sum of the atomic masses is:
24 + 2(14 + 16 + 16 + 16) = 24 + 2(62) = 148 amu

The molar mass for Mg(NO3)2 is 148 g/mol.

Mole Calculations II
Now we will use the molar mass of a compound to convert

between grams of a substance and moles or particles of a substance.

6.02 1023 particles = 1 mol = molar mass

If we want to convert particles to mass, we must first convert

particles to moles and than we can convert moles to mass.

Mass-Mole Calculations
What is the mass of 1.33 moles of titanium, Ti? We want grams, we have 1.33 moles of titanium. Use the molar mass of Ti: 1 mol Ti = 47.88 g Ti

47.88 g Ti 1.33 mole Ti = 63.7 g Ti 1 mole Ti

Mole Conversions

Its time for some mole jokes!

How does Avogadro talk to his friends? By E-Mole! Hahaha
Where did Avogadro go on Saturday? The shopping mole.. Wow these are funny! Why did Avogadro look forward to the year 2000? It was the start of the new molennium!!! What was Avogadro's favorite sport? Golf - because he always got a mole-in-one.

The End.