1.

4 Porosity Logs in shaly Formations

Porosity log response can be expressed generally by

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 In shaly liquid filled formation assumed to have

normal compaction and no secondary porosity .

The presence of shale complicates the interpretation

of the tool response due to : 1. The diverse characteristics of shale 2. The different responses of each porosity tool to the shale content

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 N.B. Density porosity logs shale displays low to

moderate porosity values .

On sonic and neutron logs shale display moderate to

relatively high porosity values .

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 From this figure that depends on porosity, shale

content and the fluid ,shale and matrix properties .

It shows schematically the fractions and densities of

different constitutes of shaly formation .

Rearranging will result in the following form

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 D is the apparent porosity that is equal to true porosity in

case of clean liquid filled formations

DSh is the apparent density porosity displaced by the tool

if it is placed in 100% shale formation having the same characteristic as the shale present in the formation of interest

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 True porosity

= a Vsh (a )sh Where a is the apparent porosity displayed by the tool or calculated
from raw data assuming that the formation is clean and liquid filled . (a )sh is the apparent porosity displayed by the tool or calculated in adjacent shales from raw data assuming that the formation is clean and liquid filled .

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1.5 Effective Porosity and Shale Content From Porosity Logs

The effective porosity of shaly formations can be

calculated from the response of any porosity tool but this requires the knowledge of Vsh .
Experience has shown that ,when one porosity tool is used

to calculate () , the density log provides the best estimates .

Because (D)sh is much smaller (N)sh and (S)sh the

correction term [VSh(a)sh] is less sensitive to incorrect estimation of VSh .

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 In order to get the best value of Vsh we should avoid non

representative value estimated from gamma ray log .

So we will solve 2 porosity tools responses. Then solving

the equations simultaneously will give us the values of () and (Vsh)

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 Because the sonic log depends on compaction and

secondary porosity in addition to porosity , shale and matrix , density and neutron responses are used to set up the simultaneous equations.

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 Estimation of Vsh from gamma ray log :

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 By solving simultaneous equations :

Comparing the results from different methods :

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