Chapter 2 Foundations of Effective Technology Integration Models: Theory and Practice

Technology Integration Planning Model Essential Conditions

Learning Theories
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Learning Theories as Bases for Integration Models

Integrated

Directed

Constructivist

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.2

Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base

Behaviorist theory
Learning as a stimulus-response B. F. Skinner Mastery learning

Information-processing theory
The mind as a computer Atkinson and Shiffrin Sensory registers
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

B.F. Skinner

2.3

Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued)

Cognitive-behaviorist theory
Providing condition for learning Robert Gagn Events of instruction

Systems theory and systematic instructional design

Managing the complexity of teaching

Robert Gagn

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.4

Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base

Social activism theory

Learning as a social experience John Dewey Constructivism

Scaffolding theory

John Dewey

Learning as a cognitive building process Lev Vygotsky Zone of proximal development

Lev Vygotsky
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.5

Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued)

Child development theory

Stages of development Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget

Instructional support for child development

Discovery learning Jerome Bruner
Jerome Bruner

Multiple Intelligences theories

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Role of intelligence in learning Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner

2.6

Technology Integration Strategies Based on Each Model

D i r e c t e d M o d e l s C o n s t r u c t i v s t M o d e l s r e m e d y i d e n t i f e d w e a k n e s o r s k i ld e f i c t s f o s t e r c r e a t i v e p r o b l e m s o l v i n g a n d m e t a c o g n i t o n

B o t h

p r o m o t e f l u e n c y o r a u t o m a t i c t y o f p r e r e q u i s t e

g e n e r a t e m o t i v a t i o n t o l e a r n

a l o w f o r m u l t i p l e i n t e l i g e n c e s

p r o v i d e e f i c e n t , s e l f p a c e d i n s t r u c t i o n

o p t i m i z e s c a r e p e r s o n e l a n d m a t e r i a l r e s o u r c e s

b u i l d m e n t a l m o d e l s a n d i n c r e a s e k n o w l e d g e t r a n s f e r

r e m o v e l o g i s t i c a l h u r d l e s t o l e a r n ig s u p o r t s e l f p a c e d r e v i e w o f
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

c o n c e p t s

f o s t e r g r o u p c o p e r a t i o n d e v e l o p i n f o r m a t i o n l i t e r a c y a n d v i s u a li t e r a c y s k i l s

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.8

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

Phase 1 Determine relative advantage

Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments

Phase 3 Design integration strategies

Phase 1: Determine relative advantage Why should I use a technology-based method?

Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies

What is the problem I am addressing? Do technology-based methods offer a solution with sufficient relative advantage?

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.9

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

Phase 1 Determine relative advantage

Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments

Phase 3 Design integration strategies

Phase 2: Decide objectives and assessments How will I know students have learned?
What outcomes do I expect from using the new methods? What are the best ways of assessing these outcomes?
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies

2.10

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

Phase 1 Determine relative advantage

Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments

Phase 3 Design integration strategies

Phase 3: Design integration strategies What teaching strategies and activities will work best?
What kinds of instructional methods are needed? How can technology best support these methods? How can I prepare students adequately to use technologies?
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies

2.11

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

Phase 1 Determine relative advantage

Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments

Phase 4: Prepare the instructional environment Are essential conditions in place to support technology integration?

Phase 3 Design integration strategies

Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies

What equipment, software, media, and materials will I need? How should resources be arranged to support instruction and learning? What planning is required to make sure technology resources work well?
2.12

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

Phase 1 Determine relative advantage

Phase 5:

Phase 2 Decide objectives and assessments

Phase 3 Design integration strategies

Evaluate and revise integration strategies What worked well? What could be improved?
How well has the technology integration strategy worked? What could be improved to make it work better?
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Phase 4 Prepare the instructional environment Phase 5 Evaluate & revise integration strategies

2.13

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Shared Vision

Technical Assistance

Standards and Curriculum Support

Trained Personnel
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Access

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Essential Conditions for Effective Technology Integration

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.15

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Shared Vision for Technology Integration Coordinated school and district planning, and involvement of teachers and other personnel at all levels Budget yearly amounts for technology purchases and make funding incremental Emphasize teacher training Match technology to curriculum needs Keep current and build in flexibility
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.16

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Standards and Curriculum Support Internet use policies
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

Legal/ethical use policies Policies to insure equity

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.17

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Access to Hardware, Software, and Other Resources Finding funding Purchasing hardware and software Setting up and maintaining physical facilities

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.18

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Trained Personnel Hands-on, integration emphasis Training over time Modeling, mentoring, and coaching Post-training access
M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.19

Essential Conditions for Technology Integration

Technical Assistance Appropriate Teaching Approaches Appropriate Assessment Approaches

M. D. Roblyer Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching , 4/E Copyright 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

2.20