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John Pang Yu Ph. D. Managing Director The Emerging Technologies Cooperative, Inc. Menlo Park, California USA National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 1 of 48 Confidential
DCoIP Device and System Developers Existing and Proposed Standards Quality of Services Technical Advancements DCoIP Market Trends DCoIP Challenges References
Slide 3 of 48 Confidential
Committee Consulting International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) Electronic Industrial Association (EIA): RS-232-C, RS-422, RS-485 PSTN, ISDN, DSL, DSLAM, T1 (DS-1: 1.544 Mbps), E1 (2.048 Mbps), OC-1 (STS-1: 51.84 Mbps) T.38: Voice, Data and Fax over Different Telephone Lines Loop Start Interface (LSI: analog PSTN)
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A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication Systems Via MODEM and Telephone Line Image Plans and video Graphic Mode Texts and Graphics Mixed Mode Video Graphics and Texts Display Processors in A Digital Format Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Terminal Information Retrieval Between Video Display Terminal and Database (Information Provider) A Bi-Directional Interactive Data Communication System Via RF MODEM and Cable
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Japan Line / Field H. Frequency V. Frequency Video Bandwidth (Y) Chrominance BW (B-Y) Chrominance BW (R-Y) Interlaced Frames / Second Aspect Ratio
John P. Yu November 13, 2006
2 : 1 25 16 : 9
DS-3 OC-1 OC-3 DS-4 OC-9 OC-12 OC-24 OC-96 OC-256 OC-768 John P. Yu November 13, 2006
1.544 Mbps 1.536 Mbps 24 2.048 32 6.312 96 8.448 128 34.368 512 44.736 672 51.84 50 672 139.264 2048 155.52 150 2016 274.176 4032 466.56 451 6048 622.08 601 8064 1.244 Gbps 1.20 Gbps 16128 4.976 4.81 64512 13.271 172032 39.813 516096 Slide 10 of 48 Confidential
1 4
4 OC-3
The Adoption and Implementation of Digital Content over IP Can be Justified by the Following: Increasing Voice/Data/Video Convergence IP is Now the Common Protocol; RSVP Protocol for Bandwidth Reservation and RTP Protocol for Detecting Missing Packets to Improve Quality of Services Packetized Compressed Voice Has Shown Cost-Effective Solutions (High-Class Coding Algorithms) Intranets and Extranets are Growing Rapidly Voice Over Frame Relay is Being Successfully Deployed in Major Corporate Network The Rapid Growth of Digital Multimedia Contents in Internet
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Gatekeeper
IP Network Connection PSTN to VoIP VoIP to PSTN Gateway IP Network Connection IP Network IP Network Connection PSTN to VoIP VoIP to PSTN Gateway
Phone Line
Phone Line
PSTN
Phone Line
PSTN
Phone Line
H.323 EndPoint
Slide 13 of 48 Confidential
H.323
H.323 Internet
H.323 Terminals
H.323 Zone
H.323
GateKeeper MCU H.323 H.323 Terminals
Major Entities in an H.32X Environment: H.323 Terminals, Gateways, Gatekeepers and MCUs.
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 14 of 48 Confidential
Circuit-Switched Network
Characteristics - Constant Bit Rate; Full Bandwidth After Call Setup; Low Latency, Constant Delay; Incremental Bandwidth Available (Add B Channels) Protocols - ISDN, Robbed Bit Signaling Medium - T1 / Fractional T1, DDS at 56 kbps Lines Addressing Schemes - Use Phone Numbers; Statically Assigned; Public Directory Assistance if Unknown H.320 Terminals Intended for Voice Transmission Data Transmission Using Modems High Quality connections Low Delay, High Reliability, full Duplex 56 / 64 Kbps Channels Basis for Toll Quality
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 15 of 48 Confidential
Packet-Switched Network
Characteristics - Burst Mode; Variable Bit Rate; Variable Latency and Variable Delay; Non-Guaranteed Quality of Services in Current Network Topologies; Incremental Bandwidth Quickly Becoming More Available Protocols - TCP/IP, IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol), DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Medium - Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM Networks and TCP/IP Transport H.323 Terminals Addressing Schemes - IP Address; Static or Dynamic Assignment; Directory Servers - Maintain User IP Address by Name or Alias; IP Address Can Change Depending on Your Location
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New Version of Internet Protocol Used 128-Bit Address and Allow Embedding IEEE 802 Address Flow Label to Identify Real Time and Special Handling Traffic Increased Scalability for Network Architectures Improved Security and Data Integrity Autoconfiguration Multicast Support Standardized
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IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv6 has built in IP security (IPsecurity is part of IPv6) IPv6 has fixed length header.
Optimized for hardware implementation
IPv6 has improved support for QoS, Multicast and Mobile IP IPv6 has support for domestic appliances Government (DOD 2008), University and Industry lead initiatives
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 18 of 48 Confidential
IPv6 Partners
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Terminals Bi-Directional Real-Time Communication for the User Enable Voice Connections, Video and Data Communication are Optional Supporting H.245 for Describing the Negotiation of the Appropriate or Required Terminal Functionality Gateways Translate Between Physical Media, Network Protocols, Conferencing Protocols and Addressing Translate Between Different Audio or Video Codes in Real Time, Allow H.320 Endpoints to Use T.120 Conferencing Effectively Support Voice Over IP and Multimedia Conferencing
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 22 of 48 Confidential
Gatekeepers An Optional Element of H.323 Link Endpoints Directly to Gatekeepers Reside Anywhere in H.323 Network Entities or Run as Server Application Do Bandwidth and Resource Management, Access Control, Endpoint Registration, Zone Definition, Enhanced Call Control and Address Translation Platform Independent An Embedded Component in Hardware Building Block Gatekeeper "Engine" Software Development Application
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Multipoint Control Units Provide Audio Bridge With Value-Added Video Multipoint Capabilities, Unattended Operation, Full Audio Mixing With Advanced Techniques for High Quality Compressed Speech Support Multicast and Unicast Sessions
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Lucent, Cisco, Nortel Networks, Ericsson, HP, Intel, Deutsche Telecom, Madge, Micom, NetManage, Netscape, Netspeak, Rockwell, Siemens, VCON, VocalTec, White Pine Siemens - First Equipment Vendor to Provide a Complete Global System Solution That Meets the Needs of New and Existing Service Providers for IP Telephony AT&T Deployed VoIP by Installing Clarent Gateways at 38 Locations (10 Domestics, and 28 Throughout the World), Two Gatekeepers - Getting Comparable Voice Quality to the PSTN and Getting Savings Up to 50 % Netphone Services is Gaining Popularity Because Rates are 60 % Lower Than Ordinary Phone Charges
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Sprint to Trial Net2phone Services for International Calls Deploying Voice Over IP for Asian Countries to Assist Customer Inquires in Mandarin, Cantonese and Korean Cisco to Plan to Acquire UK-Based Internet Telephone Firm Calista ($55 Million in Stock) Cisco to Introduce a Voice Module in 1997 for Their 3600 Series Routers for Interfacing Voice, Fax, and Data Across Existing Data Infrastructures to Reduce Costs by Routing Phone and Fax Traffic Over the IP Network Instead of PSTN Analog Devices Announced First T1-on-a-Chip (ADSP21mod980) for Data and Voice Over IP Which Can be Configured Any Port for Any Protocol
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Nortel Networks Developed Call-Waiting to Allow Home-Based Web Surfers to Act Upon Incoming Calls Without Interrupting Their Internet Connection Lucent, Stinger (Internet Service Provider) and Local Phone Company Can Offer DSL Service - High Speed Video, Data and Voice Sent Over Traditional Phone Lines With 30 Times Faster Than Traditional Phone Service Without Compromising the QoS Shomiti Systems Introduced New VoIP Product, Multi QoS Parameters, Tested H.323 Family of Protocols Selsius (Acquired by Cisco) Developed an Ethernet Telephone for Connecting to an IP-Based PBX Touchwave Developed a PBX System Connecting to IP LAN/WAN Vienna Systems Developed an Ethernet Telephone Connecting to the IP Network
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H.320
H.324
64 48-64 16
5.3-6.3 8
T.120 T.120 T.120 H.225.0 (M) H.221 (M) H.221 (M) H.245 (M) H.242 (M) H.242 (M) H.225.0 Q.931 Q.931 (Q.931) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ (M) = Mandatory * for example, Whiteboarding application
G.711 (M) G.722 G.728 G.723.1 G.729 64 48-64 16 5.3-6.3 8 H.261 (M)
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H.261
H.263
QCIF, CIF
QCIF, CIF SQCIF, 4CIF 16CIF. SQCIF
PSTN, PSDN
PSTN, PSDN, Video Conferencing, Video Telephony
H.264
MPEG-4 AVC
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G.711, G.722, G.728, G.723.1, G.729 for Codec at the Presentation Layer (OSI model) Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) at the Transport Layer Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) at the Network Layer Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) H.225 for Standard Call Setup Sequences / Packet Synchronization H.245 Specifies Messages for Opening and Closing Channels for Media Streams, and Other Commands, Requests and Indications at the Session Layer H.261 for Video Codec for Audiovisual at P x 64 kbps H.263 for a New Codec for Video Over PSTN T.120 Series of Multimedia Communications Protocol T.38 for Real-Time Fax; Procedures for Real Time Group 3 Facsimile Communication Between Terminals Using IP Networks
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H.323
IP communications protocol for real-time voice and video over IP. Includes core protocol and gatekeeper toolkits. International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommendation for audio, video, and data communications across IP-based networks.
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RTP / RTCP
G.711 64 kbps PCM (Both A-Law and u-Law) (1988) G.722 Wideband Vocoder Operating at 64, 56, or 48 kbps G.726 ADPCM Vocoder Recommendation That Folds G.721 and G.723 G.727 Embedded ADPCM Operating at 40, 32, 24, or 16 kbps G.728 16-kbps Low-Delay Code-Excited Linear Prediction Vocoder (LD-CELP) G.729 8-kbps Conjugate-Structure Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CS-ACELP) G.729A Annex A: Reduced Complexity 8 kbps CS-ACELP Speech Code G.723.1 Low-Bit-Rate Vocoder for Multimedia Communications Operating at 6.3 and 5.3 kbps (1996)
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 35 of 48 Confidential
<150 ms (with echo cancellation): acceptable 150-400 ms: acceptable if delay expected
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Technical Advancements
Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP) - It is a Receiver-Driven and up to the Receiver to Select Which Source to Receive and Amount of Bandwidth to be Reserved or Paid for Parallel IP Networks - Different Bandwidth Allocations for Data and Multimedia by Virtual or Physical Packet Networks Take on Circuit Networks Parallel or Overlay Networks are Being Built to Support Real-time Multimedia Traffic Todays DSP Delivers More Than 15 Times the Price/Performance of Its Predecessors Ten Years Ago, Providing 100 MIPS or Faster for Voice and Video Compression and Thus Reducing Latency
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250
250
200
135
IP Voice
YEARS
Voice vs IP Growth
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80
81.7
70
2000
2001
YEARS
2002
2003
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25
20 16
19
19
Percent of 15 Respondents
10
13
8 6 5 3 6
How Much Voice Traffic Will Migrate to VSANs Over the Next Five Years ?
Source: The Yankee Group
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Too Unreliable
Not Secure Enough Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree
Lack of Standards
Percentage of Respondents
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DCoIP Challenges
Getting Telcos up to Speed With New Technology and Willingness to Stick Around the Existing PBXs and VoIP Setting H.323, H.100 / H.110 Standards Quality of Services (QoS) Latency Problem (Delay) Advanced Voice Compression Techniques According to the Yankee Group: 83 % of Respondents Indicated That Performance Guarantees Are A Prime Requirement for Voice Over Alternate Networks 50 % of Respondents Indicated That Gateway Traffic Repots Should be Capable of Providing the Necessary Call Detail Records and Other Specified Traffic Data
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References
Voice Over IP; Uyless Black, Prentice Hall, 1999 Voice Over Data Network; Gilbert Held, McGraw-Hill, 1998 Compact PCI, Computer Telephony Specification, January, 1998 Spectral Compatibility of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL System Tutorial, August, 2000) Transmission Systems for Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Fourth Edition, February 1970 Communication Systems, B. P. Lathi, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1968 Engineering and Operations in the Bell system, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. 1978
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 46 of 48 Confidential
References (Continued)
Solutions to Problems in Modulation Theory, by Harold S. Black, Van Nostrand 1953 How to choose the Right Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (1525 to 1570 nm) Interactive Video Display Systems, by John P. Yu 1982 Worldwide Video Standards, Bell Telephone Laboratories, by John P. Yu 1980 Technical Aspects of Data Communications, by John E. McNamara, Digital Equipment Corporation 1978 Bell system Technical Reference - Switched Network Transaction Telephone System, Pub 41804
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 47 of 48 Confidential
References (Continued)
Voice Over Whatever: Internet, IP, Frame Relay, and ATM Find Their Voice; Telecommunications Planning Service, The Yankee Group, December 1997 VoIP: The Opportunity Why You Should Become An ITSP, Internet Telephony, July, 1999 Internet Technology Focus; August, September & October 1999 Lucent Website - http://www.lucent.com Cisco Website - http:// www.cisco.com Dialogic Website - http://www.dialogic.com Brooktrout Website - http://www.brooktrout.com Internet Telephony - Strategies, Solutions and Products; Andreas Wolf, ITK, AG, March, 1998 Voice Over IP Networks; Marcus Goncalves, McGraw-Hill, 1999 Delivering Voice Over IP Networks; Daniel & Emma Minoli, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
John P. Yu November 13, 2006 Slide 48 of 48 Confidential