Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MILITARY
SENSORS
MEDICAL
FIBER OPTICS
LINK
P2MP
NETWORK
COMPONENTS
DEVICES
SUB-SYSTEMS
PART 1: TECHNOLOGIES
Objectives
1. To understand Light 2. To understand Fiber Optic
Contents
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Light Fiber Optic Total Internal Reflection (TIR) Fiber Types Problems of Fiber Applications Industries in Indonesia
193
229
353
461
THz
Near Infrared
0.8
0.6
UV
0.4 0.2 m
CD Players 780 nm
850 nm
The light is "guided" down the center of the fiber called the "core". The core is surrounded by a optical material called the "cladding" that traps the light in the core using an optical technique called "total internal reflection."
2. Single Mode Fiber (SMF) 3. Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) 4. Specialized Fiber Use of fibers: 1. As a transmission medium 2. As a component
Used to transmit in many optical path Used in computer networks or local area networks Larger cores (~2.5x10-3 inches or 62.5 microns in diameter) Transmit light emitting diodes (LEDs) Wavelength range = 850 to 1,300nm
F. Photonics Applications
1. Communications (Fiber based and Free Space) 2. Military Applications 3. Sensors (eg. gas, chemical, fuel, distance, pressure, fluid level, gyro) 4. Medical Field (LASIK, endoscope) 5. Industrial Applications 7. Lighting 8. Entertainment 9. Display & Signage
G. Industries in Indonesia
PT Telekom Indonesia
PT Indosat PT Bakrie PT Telekomsel
PT Excelcomindo Pratama
PT Icon+ PT Sempoerna PT Teleakses Solusinso
PART 2:
DWDM & THE LATEST TREND
MILITARY
SENSORS
MEDICAL
FIBER OPTICS
LINK
P2MP
NETWORK
COMPONENTS
DEVICES
SUB-SYSTEMS
Objectives
1. To identify the main elements of a fiber optic link 2. To introduce to the main transmission issues in FOCS 3. To understand the current and future Technologies in FOCS
Contents
A. Todays Scenario B. Network Hierarchy: LAN, Access, MAN and WAN C. Basic Fiber Optic Communication D. Elements of Fiber Optic Communication Link E. Major Multiplexing Techniques: TDM & WDM F. Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) G. Trend in LAN, Access Network, MAN & WAN H. Conclusion
A. Todays Scenario
A total of 600 million kilometers of fiberoptic cable has been installed worldwide which throughout Asia represented 20% of it [Holton,2003] [1]. An Asia market segment of for DWDM systems for the year 2000 alone exceeds up to USD 1.3 billion
LAN
MAN
WAN
= Link = Broadcast = Mesh
Network Terminologies Point to Point (P2P) Point to Multi-Point (P2MP) Multi-Point to Multi-Point (MP2MP)
Fiber Optic
Service Provider
User
Fiber
Wavelength (nm)
Phase
Fixed, Any
Incoherent
Tunable, Any
Coherent
Fiber
Characterization Of Photodiodes
E. Multiplexing Techniques
A method for sharing communication channel Two Major Types of Multiplexing:
Optical
Electrical
STM-1
X1
AUG
AU-4
AU-3
VC-3
X1
TU-2
VC-2
C-2 2048kbit/s
X3 X4 TU-12 VC-12
C-12 1544kbit/s
C = CONTAINER VC = VIRTUAL CONTAINER TU = TRIBUTARY UNIT TUG = TRIBUTARY UNIT GROUP AU = ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT AUG = ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT GROUP STM-1 = SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT MODULE (155.52MB/S FRAME)
TU-11
VC-11
C-11
Name
40 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 622 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s 140 Mbit/s 34 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s E4 E3 E2 E1
Container
Transport
STM-256 STM-64 STM-16 STM-4 STM-1
64 kbit/s
E0
WDM Revolution
Parallel set of optical channels sharing the same transmission medium Holds great promise Increase fiber bandwidth without recabling, (numb. of x TDM)
Eg., 4 x STM-64 (10.0Gbps) = STM-256 (40Gbps) in one fiber Future-proof network capacity Brings all-optical network design capacity
1 3
Pump
Pump
OEO
OADM
EDFA
OEO
Demultiplexing (Filtering)
Mux/DeMux
OEO
Receiver
n
MUX-DEMUX Bragg gratings Bulk optics
n
MUX-DEMUX
EDFA
Time
Chromatic dispersion PMD
Four wave mixing (FWM) Cross phase modulation (XPM) Stimulated Raman scattering
Time
Chromatic dispersion PMD
Wavelength
DFB stability EDFA range MUX bandwidth DFB laser chirp
Twisted pair
Benefits of FTTH
Higher Bandwidth Service Flexibility Extension of Coverage FTTH is reliable, scalable, and secure Provides services including voice, high-speed data, analog or digital CATV, DBS, and video on demand Passive optical network, from the central office (CO) to the end user Minimizes the network maintenance cost and requirements
OLT at CO
STM-64
SDH WDM
PDH
STM-1, 4 & 16
8, 16, 32,
64 channel
CWDM
STM-64
PDH
H. Conclusion
Future network
Fiber count
Nb of carriers (WDM)
Thank You