PRECAUTION WHILE HANDLING CHEMICALS

TYPES OF HAZARDS
CHEMICAL PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL

PHYSIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL

Manmade Disasters
Mexico LPG Explosion on 19.11.1984
Death Injury 500 2500

Evacuation 200,000

Bhopal MIC Gas Tragedy on 03.12.1984

Death
Injury

2800
50,000

Evacuation 200,000

Acts/Rules
Industries handling hazardous chemicals are covered by the following Acts/Rules:
The Factories Act, 1948, as amended in 1987

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (Amendment) Rules, 2000 : (MSIHC Rules)
The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991as amended in 1992 The Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 The Railway Red Tariff Rules, 1960 as amended The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

CHEMICALS SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES VAPOURS MISTS FOGS FUMES DROPLETS

Chemicals enters into our body

Inhalation
Ingestion Skin Contact Accidental

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
CHEMICALS

IRRITANT

CORROSIVE

SYSTEMIC (CHRONIC)

ASPHYXIANTS ANESTHETIC/ ALERGIC & NARCOTIC SKIN SENSITIVE

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY USED

Flash point Auto ignition Temp. Explosive Limit Vapour Density Specific Gravity TLV ( Threshold Limit Value) STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)

Ammonia : NH3
Sp.G = 0.682, V.D = 0.6, Auto I Temp = 6510C LEL : 16%, UEL : 25%, TLV: 25 ppm, STEL: 35 ppm

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin or Eyes Effects of Exposure/ symptoms 700 ppm causes eye irritation and permanent injury may result if prompt medical remedial measures are not taken. 5000 ppm may cause death from spum inflammation, or edema of the larynx. Contact of the liquid with skin freezes the tissues and causes the caustic burns. Respiratory track irritant. Irritation to cornea and tearing, liquid contact with eyes, partial or total blindness if not treated immediately. Chemical burns and frostbite.

Ammonia : NH3
Personal Protective Equipment Avoid contact with liquid or vapours Provide rubber boots, safety goggles, selfcontained breathing apparatus, gas mask and protective clothing in case of liquid ammonia.

Carbon mono oxide : CO

Sp.G =0.79 at -1910C, V.D =0.97, Auto I Temp = 6090C LEL : 12.5%, UEL : 74%, TLV: 50 ppm, STEL: 400 ppm

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin and Eyes Human systematic effects by inhalation, changes in psycho-physiological tests and preventing haemoglobin from binding oxygen. Contact of liquid CO with skin causes frostbite. Eye contact causes severe injury.

Carbon mono oxide : CO

Personal Protective Equipment
Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, face shield or safety goggles, safety shoes, appropriate canister mask, rubber overclothing, hand gloves.

Chlorine : Cl2
Sp.G = 1.4 at 00C, V.D = 2.5 , Auto I Temp = NA LEL : NA, UEL : NA, TLV: 1 ppm, STEL: 3 ppm Routes of Entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Causes Eye irritation, sneezing, copious salivation, general excitement, restlessness. High concentration causes respiratory distress and violent coughing, often with retching. Death may result from suffocation.

Chlorine : Cl2
Personal Protective Equipment Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Provide PVC gloves, gumboots, rubber overcoat, head mask, self-contained breathing apparatus.

Hydrogen : H2
Sp.G = 0.089, V.D = 0.069 , Auto I Temp = 4000C LEL : 4.1%, UEL : 74.2%, TLV: NL, STEL: NL
Routes of Entry : Skin, Inhalation Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms: If atmosphere does not contain enough oxygen, inhalation causes dizziness, unconsciousness or even death. Contact with eyes or skin or liquid H2 causes freezing similar
to burn.

Hydrogen : H2
Personal Protective Equipment Avoid contact with liquid or gas Provide safety goggles, face shied, insulated gloves and long sleeves, trousers Worn over high top shoes to shed spilled liquid, selfcontained breathing apparatus containing air (never use oxygen).

Hydrochloric acid : HCl

Sp.G = 1.19, V.D = 1.27 , Auto I Temp = NP LEL : NP, UEL : NP, TLV: 5 ppm, STEL: Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes

Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms. Inhalation: The major effects of acute exposure to HCL are usually limited to upper Respiratory tract. Exposure to the gas causes cough, burning of the throat and larynx and Choking feeling, inflammation and ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx. Exposure to Higher concentration may cause laryngeal spasm, and oedema of the lungs and vocal Cords. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dental decolouration and erosion. Gastritis and chronic bronchitis have also been reported in exposed workers. Giddiness, Mental confusion and nausea.

Hydrochloric acid : HCl

Skin contact: Cause skin burns and may produce keloid and rectile scarring. Facial burns May result in serious and disfiguring scars. Frequent contact with dilute acid may cause Dermatitis and photo-sensitisation may result from industrial contact. Eye Contact: Hydrochloric acid is a strong eye irritant and contact with the acid may Cause burns, reduced vision and total blindness. Ingestion: Ingestion of HCL causes severe burns and corrosion of mouth oesophagus and Stomach. Symptom include dysphasia, pain, nausea, vomiting , Diarrhoea and thirst. Circulatory collapse may occur and ingestion may lead to fatal effects from oesophagus or gastric necrosis.

Hydrochloric acid : HCl

Personal Protective Equipment Approved respirator, Safety goggles, neoprene, viton or butyl rubber glove and acid resistant outer clothing Mechanical exhaust.

Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S

Sp.G = 0.916, V.D = 1.189 , Auto I Temp = 2600C LEL : 4%,UEL : 46%, TLV: 10 ppm, STEL: 15 ppm Routes of Entry : Inhalation, skin & eyes Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms, Inhalation : If high concentrations are inhaled, hypernoea & piratory paralysis may occur. Very high concentration may produce pulmonary edema. Skin & eyes: Causes severe irritation.

Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S

Personal Protective Equipment Avoid contact with gas. Provide rubber framed side covered goggles, approved respirator, rubber hand gloves, over-clothing and shoes.

Caustic Soda : NaOH

Sp.G = 2.12, V.D = NP , Auto I Temp = NP LEL : NP, UEL : NP, TLV: 2 mg/m3 (C) , STEL: Routes of Entry :Inhalation, Skin, Ingestion & Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms - Inhalation : Causes small burns to upper respiratory tract & lungs, mild nose irritation. Ingestion : Causes severe damage to mucous membrane, severe scaring or perforation may occur. Eyes: Severe damage. Skin: Causes severe burns.

Caustic Soda : NaOH

Personal Protective Equipment Avoid contact with solid or liquid. Provide side covered safety goggles, face shield, filter or dust-type respirator, rubber shoes and rubber hand gloves.

Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2
Sp.G = 1.45 at -100C, V.D = 2.264 , Auto I Temp = NP LEL : NP, UEL : NP, TLV: 2 ppm , STEL: 5 ppm

Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Eyes and Skin Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms Vapour causes irritation of eyes & lungs with severe choking. Liquid will cause frostbite. Vapours are poisonous, if inhaled.

Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2
Personal Protective Equipment
Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Provide air supplied mask or approved canister, safety goggles or face-shield, rubber hand gloves, shoes, aprons.

Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4

Sp.G = 1.84, V.D = NP , Auto I Temp = NP LEL : NP, UEL : NP, TLV: 1 mg/m3 , STEL: 3 mg/m3

Routes of Entry: Inhalation, contact, ingestion Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Irritates eyes, nose, throat, dental erosion, skin and eyes, burn. Causes deep burn to tissue. Very dilute solution causes dermatitis. Exposure cause bronchitis.

Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4

Personal Protective Equipment Rubber gloves, safety goggles, acid proof overalls. Provide safety shower, eyewash Fountain, self contained breathing apparatus.

Hazard Control
To reduce hazardous exposure methods include Mechanical ventilation Process or personnel enclosure Control of process conditions & modification Administrative control PPE

Storage
Limit quantity of material in storage Appropriate warning signs. Keep storage area separate from work areas. Provision of leak detection and alarm systems Store cylinders upright on a level, fire proof floor, secured in position to a) Protect from damage b) Keep valve cover on c) Keep filled cylinders separately from empty cylinders.

Handling
Move cylinders by hand truck or cart designed for that Dont lift cylinders by their caps Dont handle them with oily hands. Dont drop them or permit them to bang against each other. Close all valves when, not in actual use. Open & shut the valves at least once a day, while cylinder is in use, to avoid valve freezing. Have emergency equipment readily available.

CLASS NO.1 EXPLOSIVES

CLASS NO.2 GASES

CLASS NO.2 GASES

CLASS NO.3 LIQUIDS

CLASS NO.4 SOLIDS

CLASS NO.4 SOLIDS

CLASS NO.5 OXIDIZING SUBSTANCE

CLASS NO.6 POISON

CLASS NO.6 POISON

CLASS NO. 7 &8 RADIOACTIVE & CORROSIVE SUBSTANCE

LIST OF NOTIFIABLE DISEASES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

There are 29 Notifiable diseases as per third schedule of Factories Act. Lead poisoning Lead tetra ethyl poisoning Phosphorous poisoning Anthrax Silicosis etc.

THANK YOU !