Neoconfucianism

Renewal of Confucianism

Occurring in the Song dynasty

Doxu () teachings of Dao Dotong () transmission of Dao

Four Classics

The Analects (, Ln Y,) the Great Learning (, D Xu,) the Doctrine of the Mean (, Zhng Yng,) and the Mencius (, Mngz.)

Cosmology

Classic of Changes (, Yijng)

In the Yi there is the Supreme Ultimate (taiji) which produces the Two Forms.

[Appendix III (The Great Appendix)]

Cosmology

Yin Yang

wet, dark, weak, female, dry, light, strong, male,

Cosmology

One Principle, Many Manifestations (, liyi fenshu)

Cosmology

Zhou Dunyi (, 1017-1073) Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate

Movement yang Quiet yin Actuality and Possibility Wuyu () No Desires Cheng () - Sincerity

Identify Taiji () and Wuji ()

Recommends Quiescence

Cosmology

Shao Yong

The hexagrams represent the combination of yin-yang Each line is a dynamic possibility of yin-yang

The b gu ()

Cosmology

Zhang Zai (, 1020-1077) Qi () is material force

Qi is the Supreme Ultimate, Great Vacuity or Harmony Everything is made of Qi including people

We are all brothers So love each other appropriately Its a sages job to remove corruptions Education can do this

We have an original nature corrupted by the world

Cosmology

Brothers Cheng

Cheng Yi

Cheng Hao

Study of Principles, (, lxu) Study of Mind (, xinxu)

Principles

Cheng Yi (, 10331107 )

Movement of qi produces variety how?

Principles

Cheng Yi (, 10331107 )

Movement of qi produces variety how?

Principles

Cheng Yi (, 10331107 )

Movement of qi produces variety how? There is a principle that guides qi

prior to things Independent of Yin-Yang

Zhu Xi

1130-1200 Study of Principles

Everything has an ultimate, which is the ultimate li. That which unites and embraces the li of heaven, earth, and all things is the Supreme Ultimate

Zhu Xi

Everything is explained by

Its proper principle Its material power (qi) Its norm / mandate of heaven / supreme ultimate

Zhu Xi

People are explained by

dispositional principles (they form a li) their material power (qi) their norm: xin = mind-heart

Zhu Xi

A person aims to achieve their norm

This will result in an harmonious person

People must learn to see principles

The world is made of principles

Study the world (, gw) Intense study will produce sudden enlightenment

Mind

Lu Jiuyuan (, 1139-1192 )

Opposed gewu

The ten thousand things are already complete in us. It is only necessary to apprehend their principle

Mind

Lu Jiuyuan (, 1139-1192 )

Opposed gewu Proposed an idealism The universe is my mind, and my mind is the universe

Wang Yangming

1472-1529 Study of Mind

Wang Yangming

xin = taiji Distinguish

mind-in-itself (xin zhi benti) as a norm human-mind (ren xin) as the corrupt actuality

Strive to make the actuality like the norm

Wang Yangming

Innate knowing (liangzhi)

Original mind is Actual mind with things removed All the people filling the street are sages

Wang Yangming

The mind is the world

It is that toward which the mind is turned

Wang Yangming

Action and knowledge are united

, Zhixing heyi Action and knowledge are aspects of the same constitutive principle Cant have one without the other Knowledge is the beginning of action and action is the completion of knowledge