What is a GIS?

A GIS combines the geography and cartography of paper maps with the power of a database. A GIS as such is a program set up for the creation, analyzing, displaying, manipulation, and mapping of geographic features and information
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What is GIS ?
A collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, storing, updating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. By ESRI

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What is GIS ?
A method to
visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data

Smart Maps linking a

database to the map

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Why Use GIS?

GIS can integrate and relate any data with a spatial component, regardless of the source of the data a edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer

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GIS: historical background

This technology has developed from:
Digital cartography and CAD Data Base Management Systems

1 2 3

ID 1 2 3

X,Y

ID ATTRIB 1 2 3

CAD System

Data Base Management System

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GIS components
Spatial data

GIS
Computer hardware /

Specific applications /
decision making objectives MANsoft

software tools

Databases & GIS

Spatial data

At a simple level a GIS may just form the graphical interface to a database The majority of GIS applications follow this example

MapInfo

Linked database table

SQL Query Manager

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Digital Mapping Computer Aided Design

Photogrammetry

GIS Databases Remote Sensing Surveying

Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS

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Geo-relational Data Models

Linked tables based on the relational model, but storing geographical information such as:
Geometry Topology Attributes

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What makes data spatial?

Grid co-ordinate Placename

Latitude / Longitude Postcode

Description

Distance & bearing

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Spatial Data: examples

Socio-economic data
Regional health data Consumer / lifestyle profiles Geodemographics

Environmental data
Topographic data Thematic data, soils, geology
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Spatial data storage models

7,10

Vector model

10 4,7 1,6 5 2,5 li ne point 2,2

5,9 9,8 polygon 8,6 6,6 5,4

as geometric objects: points, lines, polygons

4,1

10

Raster model

as image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)

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Vector data

Land use parcels

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Raster data

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Who uses GIS?

Businesses, Governments, Educators and scientists, Environmental conservation organizations , Natural resource groups, and Utilities benefit from using GIS.

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Data Storage Formats

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Why is GIS unique?

GIS handles SPATIAL information
Information referenced by its location in space

GIS makes connections between activities based on spatial proximity

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The benefits of GIS include:

Better information management Higher quality analysis Ability to carry out what if? scenarios Improve project efficiency
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GIS Applications
Facilities management Marketing and retailing Environmental Transport/vehicle routing Health Insurance and many more . . .
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For any questions please contact Pravin chavan pravi4444@gmail.com

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