BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering

Course: Introduction To Petroleum Engineering Instructor Dr. Tarek Darwich

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Course Outlines:
What is Petroleum Engineering? The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects, Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum, Oil & Gas Exploration, Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries, Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries, Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas, The Petroleum Industry & the Environment, Petroleum Economics.
Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling
It is that branch of Petroleum Engineering that integrates all the information of geophysical, geological, reservoir and also the surface logistics to make a borehole (well) up to the hydrocarbon reservoir depth to produce the hydrocarbon in the safest and optimal way without damaging the environment. Catastrophics like blow out, fire, loss of human life, loss of hydrocarbon and environmental damage do occur (like recently occurred in Gulf of Mexico).

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Operations

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Operations

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Operations

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Exploration Drilling

The well is drilled using a rotary drilling rig

The following factors should be taken into consideration when selecting a drilling rig:
Surface location (land, inland water, offshore) Estimated maximum hole depth Horsepower Requirements Cost Availability

Small drilling rigs may be mounted on trucks for movement from one site to another. Larger drilling rigs are either erected onsite or have portable, hinged derricks for easy handling and erection.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Exploration Drilling

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Main Drilling Rig Types

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Onshore Drilling Rig

Conventional Type:
is considered usually as a component rig in which the key components are so large that they cannot be transported on a single truck. They vary in depth rating from 6,000 to 35,000 ft.

Mobile Rigs:
Normally is used for shallow wells, water wells, or for the top hole of deeper wells.

Helicopter-Transported (Heli-rigs):

Land

Rigs

Mobile Rig

For remote locations Rig is broken into small components (6,000 lb maximum weight)

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Jackup Rigs:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MdWDzL9u2s

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Jackup Rigs:
Jackups are very widely used offshore drilling units. It floats on a barge hull when towed to the drilling location. Once on location, the legs are moved down until they contact the seabed. By jacking the legs further down, the hull raises up out of water. A jackup may have three legs with a triangular-shaped barge hull or may have four or more legs with rectangular hulls. A jackups legs may be a cylindrical columns or they may be open-truss structures which resemble a mast or a derrick.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Semi-submersible Rigs:

The Deepwater Horizon

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Semi-submersible Rigs:
The rigs sits on steel columns (between 3 and 8 of them), under which are buoyancy chambers (called pontoons). When under transport between locations, the pontoons are empty (or filled with water as necessary for stability) so that the rig floats high out of water. Once the rig is in position over the wellsite, ballast water is pumped into the tanks located within the pontoons and columns so that the rig becomes lower in the water (it becomes less influenced by waves and winds). A large semi-submersible may be capable of carrying most or all of the equipment and supplies needed for drilling an entire well (useful for exploration wells in remote areas). Semi-submersible rigs may be self-propelled or they may be towed by tugs between locations. On location, they may be anchored or dynamically positioned. Accommodation for all personnel is available on the rig.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Drillships:

The Deepwater Horizon

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Offshore Drilling Rig

Drillships:
Have ship-shaped hull with the derrick centrally located.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Main Components of Drilling Rigs

-

Power System Hoisting System Rotary System Circulating System Well Control and Monitoring System

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Rig Power System

Most power is consumed by:
Hoisting System Circulation System

Total power requirements 500 to 3000 HP

Diesel engines compose the majority of power sources on rotary rigs. Natural gas or gasoline engines are getting more popular. The minimum power requirement is around 10 HP every 100 ft depth

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Rig Hoisting System

Hoisting system is used to lower or raise the drill string, casing string and other subsurface equipment into or out of the hole.
The principal components are:
Derrick and Substructure Block and tackle system Draw works

The Derrick
A structure of steal beams or tubes that can be completely dismantled and reassembled. Provides vertical height to raise sections of pipe. Provides support to the crown block

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Rig Hoisting System

The main components of the Block and Tackle System are:
The Crown Block The Travelling Block The Drilling Line

The main function is to provide a mechanical advantage which permits easier handling of large loads.

Draw works provide the hoisting and the braking power required to raise or lower the heavy string of pipes.

Year 2012 - 2013