Antagonism between Senators and Emperor

Advise Stop Helping At Odds

Knowledgeable & Experienced

Powerful, Wealthy and Spoilt Religious, Civil and Military affairs Life and Death

Praetorian Guard
Massive Group of Soldier (1000~10000 per Cohort)

Elite Soldiers

Bodyguard of Emperor

Disposing of Emperor March 28th, 193 AD

Roman empire was Decide Next Emperor auctioned off

Led Political Corruption

Claudius

Fast expansion of the Empire

218BC

300years later

Singapore 48Years Ago and Now ^^

Diocletian

Constant Wars and Heavy Military Spending

Constant warfare required heavy military spending

Empire grew, needed more & more soldiers

Barbarians and foreign mercenaries were allowed to join the Roman army.

Barbarians and foreign mercenaries had grown to know the roman style in fighting

No
Incentive

Reliance on slave labor and = No sup

Disincentive
Slaves & Plebeians Lost Jobs More Slaves & Plebeians Lost Jobs

First Problem Social Disorder

Even More Slaves & Plebeians Lost Jobs Social Disorder Even More More Social Social Disorder

Reliance on slave labor

Rich

Social Imbalance Plebeians

Just enough to survive everyday Not enough resources to invent new technology

Could only improve on current technology

No demand = No supply
Second Problem Market

Rich

Affordable

Plebeians

Struggle to Survive, Hence, Unwilling to Buy

Slaves

Cant Afford

Christianity
Christianity made Many Romans into Pacifists Large portion of wealth, including soldiers pay was lavished on building Churches

Military spirit were buried in the cloister

Harder to defend against the barbarian attackers

Christianity taught the belief in an afterlife.

Social Problems

Fix Heavy Increased Entertainment social Taxation Violence Food Shortages Spread ofclass disease

Failing Economy
Heavy taxation due to constant warfare
Majority of the soldiers failed to share in the incredible prosperity of Rome after war Large amount of gold was sent to the orient to pay for luxury goods -Led to a shortage of gold to make Roman coins.

General
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $

Soldier

Cost of the Gladiatorial Games

Civil unrest and rioting in the streets due to boreness boredness
Spectacular gladiatorial games provided (Paid by Emperor) To amuse thousands of unemployed Romans

Sponsored

Ask them to ask for more

Corrupt politicians found chance to self promote and gain support from plebeians

1/3 of Total income of Roman Empire Spent

Owned more Gladiators and open School of Gladiators

Gain more support = More influence in the Roman Politics

Impact on our economic -Farmers lost land, unable to grow and sell crops, out of work (and famine) -Inflation occurred: Rapidly rising prices. Money lost value because fewer taxes paid. -People bought fewer goods, shops closed -Coins lost value: Less gold put in, people found out (caused inflation) -Bartering grew: sell goods without using money -No taxes, no money

Summary
Gave land to tribes in exchange for barbarian soldiers to defend Rome

Rome in Constant war

Less land less revenue for Rome

Farmland were destroyed

No army to defend themselves during invasions

Less revenue, give more land

Citizens could not afford to pay tax

No tax, no army

Repeat and Roman empire falls

Lesson Learned from

Fall of Roman Empire

Complacency: Roman Empire

Not keeping up with time
Rely on Slave as Manpower

Complacency: Singapore
Government agency constantly plan for future
Ministry of National Development (MND)

A City Constantly in Transformation

National Identity: Roman Empire

Racism against Barbarians Dilution of Social Belonging Mercenary Military

National Identity Singapore

Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) Peoples Association Youth Movement (PAYM) GrassRoots Organisations A Hyphenated Identity National Service (NS)

Economic Collapse: Roman Empire

High Taxes High unemployment rate Inflation

Economic Collapse: Singapore

Economic Development Board (EBD) Knowledge-based Economy (KBE) Industrial restructuring Provide Job Opportunties
Community Development Council (CDC) Singapore Workforce Development Agency (WDA)

Reduce structural Unemployment

Skills Programme for Upgrading and Resilience (SPUR) Employment & Employability Institute (E2I)

Political Decay: Roman Empire

Corruption Imperial Succession Military Shenanigans

Political Decay: Singapore

Corruption Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) Adopt Democracy Three separate branches of government:
Legislature, Executive Judiciary

Conclusion
Rome wasn't Built in a day, so was the Decline It's about each individual. Play your Part
Total Defense

Questions:

1. The Eastern Roman Empire still survive, why will the historian call it the end of Roman Empire ?
2. Why Romans can rise to such a great empire? 3. If the roman empire is not being divided, will it turn out better or worst