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DTAP
BSSMAP
DTAP
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RIL3
RSM 08.58
RSM 08.58
BSS MAP
MAP TCAP
ISUP
TUP
BSSAP
BSSAP
RIL3
SCCP
LAPDm LAPDm
LAPD
LAPD
MTP Level 2 ,3
G.703
BSC
MTP Level 1
BTS
Abis
Company Confidential
10/4/99
Map Interfaces
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I = SS7 Abis = LAPD OML = X.25 BSC MSC B
VLR
G D
VLR
C F
HLR/AUC
HLR/ AUC
Abis
BTS
OML I E
EIR
OMC SUPP H GMSC
GSMSC IWMSC
PSTN
SS7/R2
Company Confidential
10/4/99
MAP messages are between Switching and Database interfaces MAP messages are not present on the Air Interface Not much significance related to Drive Testing Can be useful in analyzing some Protocol failures experienced on the air interface during drive testing.
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10/4/99
DTAP
BTS DTAP
BSC BSSMAP
BSSMAP
MSC BSSMAP
DTAP
Distribution Layer
BSSAP SCCP MTP
Company Confidential
10/4/99
Between BSC and MSC Linked to certain messages on the Air Interface Useful in troubleshooting certain Blocked Calls and Dropped Calls problems in conjunction with Drive Testing
Transparent Messages between MSC and MS Further divided into sub-categories ( MM ,CC,SMS,SS)
Company Confidential
10/4/99
BSSMAP Messages
Connectionless Messages Block Block Acknowledge Paging Reset Reset Acknowledge Reset Circuit Reset Circuit Acknowledge Resource Indication Resource Request Unblock Unblocking Acknowledge Connection Oriented Messages Assignment Complete Assignment Failure Assignment Request Candidate Response Cipher Mode Command Cipher Mode Complete Classmark Update Complete Layer 3 Information Handover Candidate Enquiry Handover Command Handover Complete Handover Detect Handover Failure Handover Performed Handover Request Handover Request Acknowledge Handover Required Reject Trace Invocation Queuing Indication
Company Confidential
10/4/99
DTAP Messages
Types of DTAP Messages*
CC
: Call control and call related SS Messages -- related to call setup and activation/deactivation of SS between .
: Non-Call related Supplementary Messages --- like call barring, call forwarding etc.
Company Confidential
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DTAP Messages
MM Message Authentication Request Authentication Response CM Re-Establishment Request CM Service Accept CM Service Reject CM Service Request Identity Request Identity Response IMSI Detach Location Updating Accept Location Updating Reject Location Updating Request TMSI Reallocation Command TMSI Reallocation Complete
CC Messages Alerting Call Confirmed Call Proceeding Connect Connect Acknowledge Disconnect Emergency Setup Facility Hold Hold Acknowledge Modify Modify Complete Notify Progress Release Release Complete Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Setup
SS Messages Hold Hold Acknowledge Hold Reject Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Retrieve Reject Facility Register
Company Confidential
10/4/99
Air Interface
DTAP
04.08/ 04.10
RR
04.08/ 04.10
RIL3
RIL3
LAPDm
LAPDm
Rad Int
MS
04.04
Company Confidential
10/4/99
Functions of Layer 1
----------------Mapping of Logical Channels to Physical Channel Channel Coding Ciphering Cell Selection and Reselection Connection Establishment on Logical Channels Measurement of serving and neighbouring cells signal level Setting of Timing Advance Transmit Power Control as commanded by BTS.
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DTAP Messages :
RR :
Radio Resource messages specific to MS and BTS Related to testing procedures ( like loopback etc.)
Test Messages :
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RIL3 Messages
Message Type
DTAP
MM Message
Authentication Request Authentication Response CM Re-Establishment Request CM Service Accept CM Service Reject CM Service Request Identity Request Identity Response IMSI Detach Location Updating Accept Location Updating Reject Location Updating Request TMSI Reallocation Command TMSI Reallocation Complete
CC Messages
Alerting Call Confirmed Call Proceeding Connect Connect Acknowledge Disconnect Emergency Setup Facility Hold Hold Acknowledge Modify Modify Complete Notify Progress Release Release Complete Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Setup
SS Messages
Hold Hold Acknowledge Hold Reject Retrieve Retrieve Acknowledge Retrieve Reject Facility Register
SMS Messages
CP-Ack CP-Data CP-Error RP-Ack RP-Data RP-Error
Company Confidential
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RIL3 Messages
Message Type
RR
Assignment Command Assignment Complete Assignment Failure Channel Mode Modify Channel Mode Modify Acknowledge Channel Release Channel Request Ciphering Mode Command Ciphering Mode Complete Classmark Change Frequency Redefinition Handover Access Handover Command Handover Complete Handover Failure Immediate Assignment Immediate Assignment Extended Immediate Assignment Reject Measurement Report Paging Request Type 1 Paging Request Type 2 Paging Request Type 3 System Information Type 1 System Information Type 2 System Information Type 3 System Information Type 4 System Information Type 5 System Information Type 6 System Information Type 2bis
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RR Idle Mode RR Connection Establishment Mode RR Connected Mode MM Connection Establishment Mode MM Connected Mode
CC Release MM Release
RR Release
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Access Procedure
( RACH/AGCH)
Access Procedure
( RACH/AGCH)
MM CM Procedure
( SDDCH) MM Common Procedures ( SDDCH) MM Specific Procedures ( SDDCH)
MM CM Procedure
( SDDCH) MM Common Procedures ( SDDCH) CC Procedures
( SDDCH)
RR Procedures
( TCH )
CC Procedures
(TCH)
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Reliably
High
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Definitions
Available PLMN -- one for which at least 1 cell is unbarred and C1>0
Suitable Cell -- part of selected PLMN -- unbarred -- C1 > 0
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BTS
Every Mobile has an access class on the SIM Every cell defines the Mobile classes which are barred access.
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Mobile Camp On
A Mobile Subscriber is issued with a SIM to access the network. The SIM card has the preferred list which contains 8 PLMN codes. This list can be updated by the user The Mobile also has forbidden list , which is dynamically updated by the mobile. It has 4 PLMN codes.
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No No
C1 > 0
Yes CAMP ON
Yes A
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No preferred list
Scans 124 ARFCN's Lock on to next best Locks on to best Searches for FCH No IF Found Yes Puts PLMN in forbidden list No Successful Yes Next in BA list Stores the BA list Location Update
Cell barred
No
C1 > 0 A
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Abnormal Cases
Invalid Network Response
Does Cell Reselection, if still PLMN not allowed Search 30 strongest RF channels Camps on to determine next PLMN availability
If 30 RF channels are scanned and no suitable PLMN is found (provided 1 of 30 is BCCH ), Mobile goes to No SIM state .
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Abnormal Case
No suitable cell found
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Abnormal Case
No SIM State
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TB3
GP
FCCH has a easily recognizable structure with all zeros Mobile knows that SCH follows FCCH The maximum time allowed for synchronization is 0.5s, and the maximum time allowed to read the BCCH data, when being synchronized with the BCCH carrier, is 1.9 secs.
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TB3
SCH Burst
BSIC (6 Bits)
Superframe No 11 Bits
Multiframe No 5 Bits
Frame No = 11bits ( To point Superframe No out of 2048 Superframes ) 5bits ( To point Multiframe No out of 26 Mulitframes ) 3bits ( To Point out the SCH Frame No out of 5 in 1 Multiframe ) MS calculates the TDMA Frame no from this information
0 1 S 1 11 S 2 21 S 3 31 S 4 41 S 5 50
1 Multiframe
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Company Confidential
Cell Reselection
Primarily based on comparison of C1 of serving and neighbor cells. In order to optimize cell reselection, C2 calculations can be optionally implemented , for which additional parameters are broadcasted on the BCCH of each cell.
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C2 Calculations - Parameters
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET : ( 0 - 126 dB // 2 dB steps ) Used to achieve cell prioritization, i.e to encourage MS's to select some suitable cells in the presence of others. More useful for Multiband and Umbrella cells architecture. Applies a positive or a negative offset to each cell TEMPORARY_OFFSET : ( 0 - 60 dB // 10 dB steps) For a neighbor cell , when placed on the list of the strongest carriers by the MS, it starts a timer and applies a negative offset to the C1 of that neighbor for the duration of this timer. The offset can also be infinite, which means the cell never be selected in the reselection process. PENALTY_TIME : ( 20s to 620s // 20secs steps) The duration for which the Temporary_Offset is applied.
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"C2" Calculations
For Serving Cell,
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
If Penalty Time = 620 secs, then
C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
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"C2" Calculations
For Neighbor Cells,
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET(t) t = 1 , till the Penalty timer equals the set value t = 0 , after the Penalty timer has expired
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"ON"
"ON"
P 0P 0P 0P 0
Measurements
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A running average of 5 measurement samples are required per receive level average value. Measurement samples should be collected over a period of : 5 secs to Max ( 5s, five consecutive paging blocks of that MS)
Neighbor Cells
A running average of 5 measurement samples are required per receive level average value of each neighbor cell. Measurement samples should be collected over a period of : 5 secs to Max [ 5s, (5*N + 6) DIV 7) * BS_PA_MFRMS / 4 ] N is the number of non-serving cell BCCH carriers in the BA list
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MS shall calculate the C1 and C2 for serving and non-serving cells every 5 secs. MS shall attempt to decode the full BCH data of the serving cell at least every 30 seconds. MS shall attempt to decode the BCCH data block that contains the parameters affecting cell reselection for each of the 6 strongest neighbor cell BCCH carriers at least every 5 minutes. When MS recognizes a new BCCH carrier has become one of the 6 strongest, the BCCH data for the new carrier within 30 seconds. MS shall attempt to decode the BSIC for each of the 6 strongest carriers at least 20 seconds, to confirm that it is monitoring the same cell. If the change in BSIC is detected,then the carrier would be treated as a new carrier.
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Cell Reselection
Cell in the same LA
C2 for new cell should exceed C2 of current cell and should
Cell reselection occurring within 15 secs, C2 of the new cell shall exceed the C2 of
can be found.
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Reselect Hysterisis
For the new cell in different Location Area, the value for C1 for new cell
> the C1 for serving cell by the hysterisis value broadcasts on the serving cell BCCH for a period of 5 secs.
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Reselect Hysterisis
Location Area 1
C1 = 13 dB
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BSC
MSC
Authentication Request
Auth Req Auth Resp Data Request Data Ind
Authentication Response
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RACH
Channel Request
AGCH
Reserves SDCCH
T3101 Response
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BTS
Channel Request Channel Required
T3120
Channel Activation Channel Activation Ack Immediate Assign Command Immediate Assignment
T3101
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Message Contents
Channel Request Random Access
TB SYNCH 8 41
5 bits
Information 36
TB 3
G P
6 bits
BSIC (coded in parity bits)
3 bits
Establishment Cause
Establishment Cause
100 -- Answer to paging 101 -- Emergency Call 110 -- Call re-establishment 111 -- Originating Call 0000 -- Location Update 0001 -- IMSI Detach, SMS, SS Management 011 - Reserved for future use
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Company Confidential
Message Contents
Channel Required
Channel Number --- Indicates on which channel the message was received ( RACH ) Request Reference --- Contains RACH info ( Random No, Cause ), Frame No Access Delay ---- Delay in terms of bit period ( 0- 63 ) Physical Context --- Optional for manufacturer to add more information ( RxLev etc, )
Immediate Assignment Command Channel Number --- channel on which the message is to be sent ( AGCH ) Message type --- Immediate Assignment Channel Description --- SDCCH/4 or SDCCH/8. Sub-channel Number TSC, ARFCN, Single or Hopping, HSN Mobile Allocation Table Request Reference --- Contains RACH info ( Random No, Cause ), Frame No Timing Advance ---- Timing Advance value ( 0 -63 ) Mobile Allocation --- MAI table if hopping is used Starting time --- TDMA Frame No if frequency for new channel changes ( NC - case )
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Message Contents
BTS
Channel Request
Channel Request Immediate Assign Command Immediate Assign Extended
BSC
Channel Number -- AGCH Message type -- Immediate Assign Extended Channel Description 1 Request Reference 1 Timing Advance 1 Channel Description 2 Request Reference 2 Timing Advance 2 Mobile Allocation Starting time
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RACH
AGCH Stops
T3120
Initial MS message
SDCCH
(Location Update Request CM Service Request Paging Response CM Reestablishment Request IMSI Detach)
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Abnormal Cases
No Channel ( SDCCH ) available
BTS Channel Request Channel Required Immediate Assignment Reject Stops T3120 Starts T3122 Immediate Assignment Reject Request Reference 1 -- EC, Ref no, Fr.No Wait Indication -- T3122 ......... Request Reference 5 -- EC, Ref no, Fr.No Wait Indication -- T3122 Immediate Assign Command BSC
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Abnormal Cases
Timer T3101 on Network expires before MS responses -- Allocated Channels are released -- Request Forgotten
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RACH Collisions
TWO Mobiles Send RACH at same Frame No with same Reference No and EC
If both strong
No
YES
One may reach and one may not reach Network assigns AGCH with the same RRN Both will tune to SDCCH One will release the channel during setup
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ALOHA Process
RACH T3120
RACH
Rejected
T3120
Re-transmission
AGCH
AGCH
T3120 = 3 - 12,14,16,20,25,32,50 RACH Slots Maximum Re-transmission = 1,2,4,7 For every Re-transmission T3120 is randomly generated
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RACH Collision ( B )
-- One RACH reaches one does not
RACH RACH Both Wait for AGCH Immediate Assignment Both tune to SDCCH SABM ( Initial Message ) SABM ( Loc Upd Req ) UA ( Initial Message ) UA ( Initial Message ) DROPS ( since IMSI mismatches )
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MM - Common Procedures
TMSI Reallocation Procedure
Authentication Procedure
Identification Procedure
Ciphering *
IMSI Detach Procedure
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TMSI Reallocation
TMSI Reallocation
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TMSI REALLOCATION
Purpose
Operational Requirements
TMSI is an unambiguous identity associated with LAI Must be performed at change of Location Areas Initiated in ciphered mode Can also be associated with some other procedure
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TMSI REALLOCATION
MSC
TMSI Reallocation Command
T3250
Stops T3250
TMSI Reallocation Command Location Area Identification Mobile Identity : TMSI / IMSI
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MM - Common Procedures
Authentication
Purpose -- To verify Subscriber Identity ( IMSI and SIM ) -- To provide a new ciphering key to the Mobile Station Operational Requirement -- at each registration -- at every call attempt ( MOC & MTC ) ( left to operators , but should be done for visiting subscribers ) -- before performing some supplementary services activation, de-activation, registration or erasure -- required for Location Updating for roaming -- not mandatory prior to IMSI Attach and Detach Authentication process is always initiated and controlled by the network
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MM - Common Procedures
Authentication Ki RAND Ki
RAND
A3
A3
SRES SRES
=
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Company Confidential
MM - Common Procedures
Authentication
MSC
Authentication Request
T3260
Authentication Response
Authentication Request
Stops T3260
Ciphering Key Sequence No -- Values ( 0-6 ) , 7 = No key Authentication Parameter RAND - 128 bits Random Number Authentication Response Authentication Parameter SRES -- 32 bits Signed Response
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MM - Common Procedures
Unsuccessful Authentication Authentication Reject BTS
Data Request
Authentication Req Authentication Resp Data Indication Authentication Resp Data Request Authentication Rej
BSC
Authentication Req
MSC T3260
Invalid SRES
Stops T3260
Authentication Rej
Sets Authentication Failure Flag Waits for Connections to be released Delete its TMSI,LAI,Ciphering Key, CKSN Return to IDLE no IMSI state
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MM - Common Procedures
Abnormal Cases
Expiry of timer T3260 MSC Authentication Request Starts T3260 Authentication Request T3260 Expires Re-Starts T3260
Authentication Reject
T3260 Expires
RR - Connection Release Procedure initiated
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MM - Common Procedures
Identity Check
EIR
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MM - Common Procedures
Identification
MSC requests the Mobile to send its identity , for verification Identity could be IMSI, TMSI,IMEI IMEI shall only be sent in ciphered mode MSC
Identity Request
T3270
Identity Response
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MM - Common Procedures
Identification Abnormal Case
Expiry of timer T3270 MSC Identification Request
Starts T3270
Identification Request T3270 Expires Re-Starts T3260 T3270 Expires
Releases RR - Connection
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MM - Common Procedures
Ciphering
Purpose -- privacy of speech and data -- privacy of signaling information
Operational Requirements -- Implementation dependent -- Ciphering should be done before confidential signaling information is passed ( Called Number, Calling Number, TMSI )
* Note : IMSI and IMEI are also confidential signaling information ,but they require physical protection
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MM - Common Procedures
RAND
Ki Ciphering
A8
Frame No
Kc
A5
Company Confidential
MM - Common Procedures
Ciphering
BTS
Encryption Cmd Cipher Mod Cmd Start ciphering & deciphering correct L2 frame Ciph Mod Comp
BSC
Cipher Mod Cmd
MSC
start deciphering
start ciphering
Data Indication Cipher Mode Comp
Encryption Command
Channel Number Encryption Information : Algorithm Identifier Key L 3 Information
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MM - Common Procedures
Ciphering Key Sequence No ( CKSN )
Network
( CKSN )
FNo ( Kc + CKSN )
( stored in SIM )
( stored in MSC/VLR
Channel Request Immediate Assignment Initial Message ( CKSN ) If CKSN Checked , No authentication
Network
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Conditions
Operation
If no RR-connection exists, RR-connection will be first established If RR-connection exists, then all MM - connections will be first released If Location Update procedure is On, than it will be finished, then this procedure will be started
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Starts T3220
Wait for RR-Connection Release If T3220 expires, MS will localy release RR-Connection
Abnormal Case
RR-Connection cannot be established or RR-
Connection is lost before message is sent, then the IMSI detach is aborted by the MS
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L.Area = 1
L.Area = 2
L.Area = 3
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MSC should know the Location of the Mobile for paging. Mobile is continuously changing Location Area. Mobile when changes Location Area informs the MSC about its new L.A Process of informing MSC about new Location Area is Location Update
Location Update
L.Area = 1
L.Area = 2
L.Area = 3
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-- Change in LAI due to mobility -- Power on in new LAI -- MS unknown in VLR as a response to Connection establishment request
Periodic Updating
-- Expiry of Periodic Update Timer ( T3212 ) -- In the event of MS out of Service , on exit, MSC will mark it as Implicit Detach in the VLR -- Timer is reset to "0" on any Loc Update, first MM message recd , MS responded to page, on expiry of timer
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BSC
MSC
Authentication Request
Auth Req Auth Resp Data Request Data Ind
Authentication Response
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BSC
( CR )Comp Layer 3 Info
MSC
Starts T3210
( UA ) Loc Upd Req
MM - Security Procedures
Data Request Loc Upd Accept Loc Upd Accept
Stops T3210 Loc Upd Request : MS Identity(IMSI/TMSI), Classmark, and OLD LAI
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MSC
Waits for n/w to release RR-Connection Upon release of RR-Connection, take necessary action based on Reject Cause
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No response to RACH after max_retransmissions Timer T3213 is started MS goes for a cell reselection, with return to cell inhibited for 5 secs After 5 secs , the MS returns to the cell where Random access failed On expiry, procedure is initiated again
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Connection
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BTS
Channel Reqd Channel Actvn Chan Actvn Ack Imm Assgn
BSC
MSC
Establish ind
CL3 Informtn
Authentication CM Service Accept Cipher Mode Setting and TMSI Reallocation Set Up Call Proceeding Assgn Cmd Assign Comp Assgn Cmd Assgn Req
Assign Comp
Alert Connect Connect Ack Speech
Assign Comp
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MSC
CM Service Accept
PD : MM TI : 1-7 MT : CSR
--- No Information Elements
PD : MM TI : 1-7 MT : CSR CM Service Type : MOC , Emergency Call, SMS transfer, SS activation Ciphering Key Sequence Number : 000 - 111 Mobile Station Classmark 2 : Power , Revision , Encryption,Frequency, SMS Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI , IMEI
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CM Serv Reject
Company Confidential
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : CP Repeat Indicator : Used for in-call modification procedure Bearer Capabilities : Included if the network has to specify the connection element Progress Indicator : *
Setup
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : S Bearer Capabilities : * Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI , IMEI Calling Party Sub-Address : X.213 / ISO 8348 AD2 coding , user specifed coding Called Party Sub-Address : X.213 / ISO 8348 AD2 coding , user specifed coding User -User : Convey information between the MS & the remote ISDN user. *
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Release Complete
Stops T303
Releases the MM connection Returns to Idle Mode
Release Complete
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : RC Cause : See next page
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MSC
Assignment Command
TCH
Assignment Complete
( FACCH )
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Channel Mode : signaling only, speech full rate, speech half rate Data- 9.6 / 4.8 / 2.4 kbps full Data- 9.6 / 4.8 / 2.4 kbps half
Timeslot Number : 0 - 7 TSC : BCC - 0 - 7 Hopping Channel : Single , Hopping Channel Selector : For single Channel -- Band Number, ARFCN For Hopping Channel -- MAIO ( 0 - 63 ), HSN ( 0 - Cyclic 1 - 63 = Algorithm ) Power Command : Power Level ( 0 to 31 ) Cell Channel Description : Used to decode the Mobile Allocation table Mobile Allocation table
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MSC
Assignment Command
SDCCH
Assignment Complete
( SDCCH )
Assignment Failure
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : AF RR Cause : No cell allocation available Invalid Message Invalid Information element contents Protocol Error
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MSC
Alerting
Stops T310
Alerting
PD : CC TI : 1 -7 MT : A Progress Indicator : Coding standard - Q.931 , GSM Location - connected element ( explained earlier ) Progress Indicator - In band information or appropriate pattern ( RBT,BT ) now available
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MSC
Connect Connect Acknowledge
Connect
PD : CC TI : 1 -7 MT : C PD : CC TI : 1 -7 MT : C Progress Indicator : ---- no information elements Coding standard - Q.931 , GSM Location - connected element ( explained earlier ) Progress Indicator - In band information or appropriate pattern ( RBT,BT, Connection tone ) now available
Connect Acknowledge
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Emergency Calls
-- GSM Specs define ' 112' as emergency number
-- Mobile on sensing '112' sets the establishment cause to emergency call in the RACH
-- Routing of this call can be done to a desired location defined in the Switch.
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Emergency Calls
MSC
CM Serv Request CM Service Accept Emergency Setup
Call Proceeding
CM Serv Request
PD : MM TI : 1-7 MT : CSR CM Service Type : Emergency Call CKSN : 000 - 111 Mobile Station Classmark 2 : Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI , IMEI
Emergency Setup
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : CSR Bearer Capability : Only significance is for full rate/ half rate speech coding
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Conditions:
Call Re-establishment should be allowed in the cell Occurs only on lower layer failure ( RF Link ) Mobile should be in active mode on TCH New cell should be in the same BSC Re-establishment will occur within 20 secs
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Paging
Paging is process by which Mobile receives incoming calls Mobile has to monitor the paging channel to receive paging messages Mobile will not monitor all paging channels, it will monitor the channel specific to its CCCH_Group and Paging Group
CCCH_ GROUP
BCCH defines the number of PCHN ( timeslots ) supporting CCCH CCCH can be allocated only to TN 0,2,4,6 CCCH will have the same structure on all allocated timeslots ( 9 blocks ) Each PCHN supporting CCCH is alloted a CCCH_Group No ( range : 0 .. 3 ) Each CCCH_Group carries its own group of Mobiles. Mobiles will listen to paging messages and send RACH's only in their specific group
0 1 2 3 4 5 7 6
B D C T C T C T 9 b l o c k s 9 b l o c k s 9 b l o c k s 9 b l o c k s
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Paging Group
Within the CCCH_Group , Mobile listen to paging in specific paging (CCCH) blocks only The block specific to a mobile is its Paging Group
T N
D 1
F S B C F S C C F S C C F S C C F S C C I 0
I S B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C I 2 T 3
I S B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C I 4 T 5
I S B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C I 6 T 7
C C C H _ G R O U P
P a g i n g G r o u p
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Paging
How to derive CCCH_Group and Paging Group for a mobile ?
1. BS_CC_CHANS : Total No of PCHN supporting CCCH ( Sys Info Type 3 ) Range : 1 - 4 2. BS_AG_BLKS_RES : Blocks reserved for AGCH 3. BS_PA_MFRMS : Multiframe Repetition rate
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Paging
BS_AG_BLKS _RES
5 1 F r a m e C o m b i n e d ( B + D ) M u l t i f r a m e S t r u c t u r e [ T N 0 ]
F S B C F S C C F S D D F S D D F S A A I
5 1 F r a m e M u l t i f r a m e N o n C o m b i n e d ( B ) s t r u c t u r e [ T N 0 ]
F S B C F S C C F S C C F S C C F S C C I
A d d i t i o n a l P C H N s u p p o r t i n g C C C H ( B + C )
I I B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C I
Each BCCH and CCCH block = 4 Frames CCCH = AGCH + PCH For Non-Combined & B+C, CCCH = 9 For Combined , CCCH = 3
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Paging
BS_AG_BLKS _RES --- Some CCCH Blocks can be reserved for AGCH --- This parameter broadcasted on BCCH informs the Mobile about the number of blocks reserved for AGCH The value for Non-Combined MF structure ranges between 0 - 7 For combined MF structure it ranges between 0-2 Example
5 1 F r a m e C o m b i n e d ( B + D ) M u l t i f r a m e S t r u c t u r e [ T N 0 ]
F S B C F S C C F S D D F S D D F S A A I
5 1 F r a m e M u l t i f r a m e N o n C o m b i n e d ( B ) s t r u c t u r e [ T N 0 ]
F S B C F S C C F S C C F S C C F S C C I
A d d i t i o n a l P C H N s u p p o r t i n g C C C H ( B + C )
I I B C I I C C I I C C I I C C I I C C I
* Each Paging block ( P ) is a paging group
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Paging
Available Paging Blocks on 1 CCCH_Group
Available Paging Blocks = CCCH Blocks -- bs_ag_blks_res
Maximum AGCH Reservation for Non-Combined = 7 Available Paging Blocks = 2 Maximum AGCH Reservation for Combined = 2 Available Paging Blocks = 1 Mimimum AGCH Reservartion for Non-Combined = 0 Available Paging Blocks = 9 Minimum AGCH Reservation for Combined =0 Available Paging Blocks = 3 No of Paging Blocks will have a range of 1 - 9
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Paging
BS_PA_MFRMS
-- No of Multiframes after which Same Paging Group is repeated -- This Parameter is broadcasted on BCCH -- Ranges between 0 -- 9 Multiframes
F S B A F S A A F S A A F S A A F S I P 0 P 1
M F 2
F S B A F S A A F S A A F S A A F S I P 2 P 3
M F 3
F S B A F S A A F S A A F S A A F S I P 0 P 1
Mobile belonging to Paging Group P0 will remain idle during P1 ,P2,P3 Mobile utilizes power only during PO. This is known as DRX
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Paging
Total No of Paging Groups on 1 CCCH_Group ( N )
No of Paging Groups = Paging Blocks x Repitition of Paging BLock N = [ CCCH - bs_ag_blks_res ] x bs_pa_mfrms
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Paging
How does a Mobile knows it CCCH_Group Paging Group No ?
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Calculate the CCCH_Group & Paging group for a Mobile with IMSI 404001234765898 in a cell with 2 PCHN's for CCCH and 7 blocks reserved for AGCH, and paging group repetition is after 5 multiframes ?
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Paging
Paging Procedures
M S C B S C B T S
f o r c e l l s o f L A I ( I M S I / T M S I , I M S I , L A I ) P a g i n g C o m m a n d
( I M S I o r T M S I , P a g G r p N o )
P a g R e q C a l c u l a t e s P a g G r p N o P a g i n g T y p e 1 / 2 / 3
BTS packs some paging requests and sends them together in Paging
Requests messages on Air Interface. The Mobile on the other hand listens to it corresponding Paging Group On getting a Paging Message belonging to its IMSI/TMSI it sends a response
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Paging
Packing of Paging Requests Paging Request Type 1 Paging Request Type 2 Paging Request Type 3 Paging Mode Normal mode : Paging Message is specific Paging Group only Full Mode : Paging Message for that group can occur in any Paging Block Extended : If paging message has more data, it follows in next block -----> -----> -----> 2 IMSI or 2 TMSI 2 TMSI and 1 IMSI or TMSI 4 TMSI
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BTS
Paging Command Channel Reqd Channel Actvn Chan Actvn Ack Imm Assgn Establish ind CM Service Accept Security Procedures Set Up Call Proceeding TCH Assignment Alert Connect Connect Ack Speech
BSC
Paging
MSC
CL3 Informant
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Paging
BTS BSC
Paging Command Paging Request 1/2/3 Paging
MSC
Starts T3113
Paging
Paging Request 1
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : PR Page Mode : Normal, Extended Re-organization, Same as before Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Message Type : P IMSI : 15 digits TMSI : ( omitted if not used ) Cell Identifier List : Cell Id Discrimtr - CGI,LAC & CI, CI,LAC, All cells
Paging Request 2
TMSI TMSI Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI
Paging Request 3
TMSI TMSI TMSI TMSI
Company Confidential
Paging Command
Channel Number : PAGCH Paging Group :
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Paging Response
BTS
Paging Request 1/2/3 Channel Request Immd Assign
( SABM )Paging Response ( UA )Paging Response Establish Indication Complete L3 Info
BSC
Paging
MSC
Starts T3113
Paging Response
Stops T3113
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : PR Ciphering Key Sequence Number : 000 - 111 Mobile Station Classmark 2 : Power , Revision , Encryption,Frequency, SMS Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI , IMEI Abnormal Case
T3113 Expires : --- Paging message is retransmitted --- No of retransmission and the value of T3113 are implementation dependent
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Setup
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : S Bearer Capabilities : * Mobile Identity : IMSI, TMSI , IMEI Calling Party BCD Number : Number of the calling party User -User : Convey information between the MS & the remote ISDN user. *
Call Confirmed
PD : CC TI : 1-7 MT : CP Repeat Indicator : Used for in-call modification procedure Bearer Capabilities : Included if the network has to specify the connection element
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Alerting
MSC
Alerting Connect Connect Acknowledge
Alerting
PD : CC TI : 1 -7 MT : A Progress Indicator : Coding standard - Q.931 , GSM Location - connected element ( explained earlier ) Progress Indicator - In band information or appropriate pattern now available
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-- Mobile receives the signal strength of the serving cell -- Mobile transmits -- During the Idle timeslots measures signal strength of neighbor
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 I I I I I I I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B T S
5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 I I I I I I I
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Measurements are made over each SACCH multiframe . SACCH multiframe is 104 TDMA frames(480ms) for TCH and 102 TDMA frames (470.8ms) for a SDCCH. MS shall make a RxLev measurement in every TDMA frame on at least one of the BCCH carriers indicated in the BA one after another . Measurements on the frame preceding the idle frame may be optionally omitted to allow more time to MS for BCCH synchronization. If frequency hopping is used and if BCCH carrier is in the hopping sequence and PWRC indicator is set , then the BCCH carrier bursts will not be used in the averaging process for RxLev, but for RxQual it will be used. Measurements made during the previous recording period are to be discarded.
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Rxlev_Sub & RxQual_Sub : Measurements taken over subset of TDMA frames If even one frame is not transmitted in the measurement period, then it is considered as subset of TDMA frames.
When DTX used, and the receiver enters the DTX mode , then the measurement is done over all the frames is not valid. With DTX, if there is completely no speech for 480ms, then still there will be 8 frames of SID and 4 frames of SACCH, these 12 subset frames will be used for sub measurements . DTX is not used on BCCH carrier (all timeslots) , hence if the call is on a TCH which is on a BCH carrier, then it will always be FULL, and in the measurement report both Sub and Full values will be same. DTX is not used on the SDCCH also , hence the above clause applies to this also. On a TCH carrier, when DTX was used by the BTS in the previous 480ms period, measurement is Sub, else it is full. If Frequency Hopping was used, and BCH carrier was a part of it, and dowlink power control is used, then the measurements for Rx_Lev will always be sub ( since BCH carrier frames are not included in the measurement averaging)
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T C H u l t i f r a e 2 5
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I
0 T 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 I I I I I I I
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C C C C F S C C C C C C C C F S C C C C C C C C I F S B B B B C C C C F S C C C C C C C C F S C C C C
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T
I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T
T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T
T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T
T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T
T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T
T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T
T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T
1 3 2 5
T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I
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Measurement Reporting
--- Mobile sends the measurement report to the BTS in every SACCH Frame --- Measurement Report is of 18 octets and takes 4 SACCH bursts --- It takes 480ms to send 1 Measurement Report
T C H M u l t i f r a m e 2 T C H M u l t i f r a m e 1 2 5 0 2 5
T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T I
1 2 0 m s
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No of cells measured RXLEV of each cell ( 0 - 63 ) = ( - 110dbm to -48dbm ) ARFCN of each cell BSIC of each ARFCN
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Measurement on BTS
Measurement Result from BTS
--- BS Power --- Received Signal Strength on Uplink ( --110dbm to -48dbm ) --- Receive Quality on Uplink ( BER >0.2 % to 12.8 % ) --- Layer 3 MS Info ( Measurement Report send by MS ) --- Layer 1 MS Info ( MS Power & Timing Advance )
The BTS has to take at least 32 samples for each measurement of RxLev and RxQual
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Measurement Averaging
--- The BSC Averages the Measurement received after a set period ( Hreqave ) --- The averaging could be following types :
Modified Median
Hreqave : Averaging Period for Rxlev,Rxqual & Timing Advance ( In terms of SACCH Frames ( 480ms ). Range : ( 1, 31 )
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Exercise !!!
23 1 0 2 9 8 9 0 9 6 -1 0 1 1 0 0 9 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 5 2 6 5 1 5 5 5
R e p o r t R N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 x q u a lR x l e v ( s )N 1 M S > B T S N u m b e r ( S A C C H )1 2 9 8 9 7 9 0 9 4 -1 0 2 -9 8 1 0 0
-9 7 9 4 9 9 -1 0 1 1 0 2 9 9 1 0 2 9 6 9 9 9 7 - 9 6 9 7 1 0 0 1 0 4 9 9 1 0 1 1 0 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 9 9 9 9 -- 9 7 9 8 1 0 3 9 5 - 9 6 9 9 - - 9 6 9 9 1 0 2 9 7 9 8 - 9 4 9 7 - - 9 4 9 8 1 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 3 9 9 9 6 9 4 -- 9 4 9 6 1 0 4 9 5 - 9 5 9 5 9 9 - 9 6 9 8 1 0 5 9 4 9 6 9 8 1 0 0 9 7 9 8 -
R e s u l t R x q u a l R x l e v N u m b e r B T S 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 2 9 9 4 3 5 5 0 4 5 5 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 0 2 9 7 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 4 2 2 9 7
+B S C
( A b i s )
G e n e r a t e t h e M e a s u r e m e n t R e s u l t s t a b l e a t B S C i f H R E Q A V E = 2
120
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Answer
D o w n l i n k M e a s u r e m e n t s
A v e r g R x q u a lR x l e v ( s ) N u m b e r 12 . 59 9 23 . 5 1 0 0 . 5 35 . 5 1 0 4 4 3 1 0 0 . 5 5 5 1 0 4 . 5
U p l i n k M e a s u r e m e n t s
R e s u l t R x q u a l R x l e v N u m b e r
1 29 8
23 . 5 1 0 1 . 5
3 5 1 0 2 . 5
4 29 9 . 5 5 5 1 0 2 . 5
N e i g h b o u r M e a s u r e m e n t s
A v e r g N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 N 1 N u m b e r
11 0 0 9 7 . 5 9 0 9 5 -1 0 2 1 0 1 9 9
2 -9 6 . 5 9 5 . 5 9 9 . 5 1 0 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 . 5 9 9 9 6 . 5
3 9 7 . 5 1 0 0 9 7 . 5 9 9 --9 6 . 5 9 8 . 5 4 1 0 0 . 5 -
9 5 9 5 . 5 - - 9 4 9 7 1 0 0
59 5 -9 4 . 5 9 5 . 5 9 8 . 5 1 0 0 9 6 . 5 9 8 -
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BTS
MS Power Control
BSC
MS Power Control
Channel Number : MS Power : Power step 1 to 31
BTS
BS Power Control
BSC
BS Power Control
Channel Number : BS Power : Power step 1 to 31
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Handover
Cell 1
Cell 2
Handover is a process by which the control/communication of a Mobile is transferred from one cell to another
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Company Confidential
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SYNCHRONISED
BTS C0 C0
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MSC
BSC
BTS
--- This type of Handover takes place if the cell to which which handover is to be done belongs to the same BSC. --- In this the BSC handles everything without involving MSC. --- The MSC will be informed by the BSC after Handover.
Company Confidential
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BTS (New)
MSC
DR ( Hand Cmd )
Starts T3103
Inter-Cell Handover
Company Confidential
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BTS (New)
Handover Command
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC Cell Description : BA-NO : Band 0 or 1 NCC & BCC : BSIC value ARFCN No: 1 - 124 Synchronization Indication : Non Synchronized / Synchronized Cell Channel Description : CA - table ( ARFCN's ) for hopping Channel Mode : Signaling,Speech F/H,Date : 9.6,4.8 f/h, 2.4f/h Mobile Allocation : MA Table Starting Time : Starting TDMA Frame No , FN Module 42432
Channel Description --- SDCCH/4,SDCCH/8 or TCH, TN Number or Subchannel No ( SDCCH ) TSC, ARFCN, Single or Hopping, HSN Mobile Allocation Index Offset Handover Reference --- 0 - 255 Power Command --- Power Level ( 0 - 31 )
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BTS starts transmission on the activated channel with ciphering BTS starts transmission on SACCH also MS sends Handover Access burst in four successive slots, immediately starts ciphering & starts sending and receiving information. BTS on receiving the correct Handover Access Burst starts reception on the activated channel
Asynchronous
BTS(Old) BSC BTS(New) Handover Access Physical Info Correct Frame
MS
Starts T3124 Stops T3124
MS
Hand CMD
Handover Detection
Starts T3105 Stops T3105
BTS starts transmission on the activated channel with ciphering,but not on SACCH MS starts T3124,sends Handover Access burst continously, activates deciphering, starts reception BTS sends a Physical Information Message, starts T3105, starts transmission on SACCH , also starts reception on main ch. MS stops T3124 and starts the normal transmission and reception on the main channel
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MS
Hand CMD
Handover Detection
Starts T3105 Stops T3105
Handover Access
T B S Y N C H I n f o r m a t i o n T B G P 8 4 1 3 6 3
8 b i t s 6 b i t s
H a n d o v e r R e f e r e n c e N o B S I C ( B S I C i s X O R w i t h P a r i t y B i t s )
Physical Information
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC Timing Advance : 0 - 63 bits
Handover Detection
Channel Number : TCH ,SDCCH/4,SDCCH/8 TN No ,Subchannel No (SDCCH )
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BSC
MS
DI (Handover Complete)
Stops T3103
Handover Performed
Message Type : HP Cause : Uplink Quality,Uplink Strength Uplink Strength,Downlink strength Distance, O & M Intervention, Call Control, Better Cell, Equipment Failure,No Resource
Handover Complete
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC RR Cause : Normal Release ( of old channels )
Cell Indentifier : * Cell identification discriminator : -- Whole CGI/ LAC&CI / CI only Cell identification 1 : MCC + MNC + LAC + CI Radio Channel Identity : * Channel Description, MA table, Starting time
* Optional
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BSC
MS
Hand CMD
MS
Starts T3124
Handover Detection
MS Deactivates new channels Activates Old Channels, & sends Handover Failure
DI (Handover Failure)
Stops T3103
Handover Failure
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC RR Cause : Abnormal Release ( unspecified ), Channel Unacceptable, timer expired, Invalid Message( unspecified ), No CA available, Protocol errors
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BTS
MSC
BSC
BTS
--- In this type of Handover,the Mobile is handed over to a cell which belongs to another BSC. --- The MSC is completely involved in this Handover
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BTS
BSC(Old)
Hand Reqd
Starts T7
MSC
BSC(New)
BTS
Hand CMD
Hand CMD DI(Hand CMD)
Stops T7
Hand Access
Phy Info
Hand Detect
Hand Detection
Hand Comp
Clear CMD
Hand Comp
DI(Hand Comp)
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MS
BTS
BSC(Old)
MSC
BSC(New)
BTS
Hand Access
Phy Info
Hand Detect
Hand Detection
Handover Command
Message Type : HC
Handover Command
Message Type : HC RR Cause : Normal Release ( old channels ) - Optional
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Handover Failure
Clear Command
Handover Failure
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC RR Cause : Abnormal Release ( unspecified ), Channel Unacceptable, timer expired, Invalid Message( unspecified ), No CA available, Protocol errors
Handover Failure
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : HC Cause : Radio Interface Failure , reversion to old channel RR Cause : Abnormal Release ( unspecified ), Channel Unacceptable, timer expired, Invalid Message( unspecified ), No CA available, Protocol errors
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Intra-Cell Handover
C0
BTS
C1
Company Confidential
Interference
Company Confidential
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Intra-Cell Handover
MS BTS
Channel Activation Channel Actvn Ack Assignment Command Old Channel Assignment Complete New Channel DR ( Assgn Command) Starts T10 DI ( Assgn Complete ) Stops T10 RF Channel Release RF Channel Release Ack Channel Activation
Channel Number : Activation Type : intra cell handover Channel Mode : Channel Identification : Encryption Information : BS Power, MS Power , Timing Advance: BS & MS Power Parameter :
BSC
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CC - Call Clearing
Release of Call
TCH F A C C H Disconnect Starts T305 Release Stops T305 Release Comp
Channel Release Disconnect
PD : CC TI:1 -7 MT : D Cause : #16 - Normal Clearing #38 - Network Out of Order
MSC
Release
PD : CC TI:1 -7 MT : R Cause : Not reqd
Channel Release
PD : RR TI : 0 MT : CR Cause : - Normal Release - Abnormal Release, unspecified - No activity on radio path Release Complete - Preemptive release - No CA available ( handover ) PD : CC TI:1 -7 MT : R Cause : Not reqd
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The max value of ' S ' is broadcasted on BCCH If Mobile is not able to decode SACCH message
' S ' decreases by 1 If Mobile is able to decode SACCH message ' S ' increases by 2 If ' S ' reaches 0 , Radio Link failure is declared
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2
1 0
SACCH Blocks
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DTAP
04.08/ 04.10
04.08/ 04.10
RIL3
RR
RIL3
LAPDm
LAPDm
04.04
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acknowledged before next is sent, in acknowledge mode ) Lapdm frame supports maximum 23 octets only Lapdm frame structure has no flags ( since blocks channels available ).
Lapdm message has two SAPI's
Company Confidential
LAPDm Frames
Modes of LAPDm
Acknowledge : Every frame sent must receive acknowledgement Unacknowledged : No acknowledgement required for the frames sent
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LAPD Frames
Unnumbered Frames
SABM ( Set Asynchronous Balance mode ) : This frame is sent to begin acknowledge mode of information transfer ( I -frame ) Disc ( Disconnect Mode ) : This frame is sent to terminate acknowledge mode of Information Transfer UI ( Unnumbered Information ) : This is used for Unacknowledged Information transfer UA (Unnumbered Acknowledge) : This is used to acknowledge the SABM & DISC frames DM ( Disconnect Mode ) : This indicates the disconnection and SABM could be performed These frames don't use sequencing [ N(R) & N(S) ] SABM DISC UI UI UI UI UA DM ( or UA )
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LAPD Frames
Information Frames
These frames are used to transfer Layer 3 Information ( RSL,OML,L2M messages ) in sequence,that is is in acknowledged mode. These frames uses Sequencing
Supervisory Frames
RR ( Receive Ready ) : Positive Acknowledgement. RNR ( Receive Not Ready ) : Stop sending messages ( buffer is full ). REJ ( Reject ) : Negative Acknowledgement These Frames uses Sequencing [ only N ( R ) ]
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Layer 2 Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 2 Layer 2 RR Disc
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Lapdm Modes
Lapdm modes vary on the type of logical channel the information is sent For SAPI 0 : BCCH Unacknowledged CCCH Unacknowledged SDCCH Unacknowledged and Acknowledged SACCH Unacknowledged FACCH Unacknowledged and Acknowledged
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Fill Bits
20 Octets Layer 3 Information Fill Bits Lapdm frame for SDCCH,SACCH,FACCH ( RIL3 Message )
2 C/ R 1 Extended Address
SAPI
Link Protocol Discriminator = 00 ( not used for GSM ) More bit = 1 indicates more information to follow ( in next block ) = 0 indicates end of information ( message )
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( A c k n o w l e d g e M o d e )
N ( S ) P / F N ( R ) ( 7 b i t s )( 1 b i t )( 7 b i t s ) F i x e d B i t s C / R
( U n a c k n o w l e d g e d M o d e )
T y p e D i r e c t i o n C / R V a l u e C o m m a n d B S t o M S C o m m a n d M S t o B S R e s p o n s e B S t o M S R e s p o n s e M S t o B S
Company Confidential
1 0 0 1
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22 Octets Information
Address Field
Control Field
LIF
20 Octets Information
Address Field
Control Field
LIF
18 Octets Information
SACCH 21 Octets 1 octet for Tim Adv & 1 octet for Pwr Control 23 Octets
456 bits
Interleaving done over 4 bursts 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57
57
26
57
TDMA Burst
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