A CRITICAL REVIEW OF JNNURM

Department of Architecture and Regional Planning IIT Kharagpur

Presented By: R. Uttam Kumar 13AR60R36 MCP 1st SEMESTER

C O N T E N T

o INTRODUCTION
o SCOPE OF STUDY o WHY JNNURM?

o JNNURM WORKING STRUCTURE

o CASESTUDY _ JNNURM IN PUNE o OBSERVATIONS PER CAGS REPORT o INFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) is a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under Ministry of Urban Development. Named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, the scheme was officially inaugurated by prime minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities.

Largest Urban Initiative in the history of the country

Duration of the mission would be seven years beginning from 2005-06.

Rs 50,000 crores over 7 years 63 qualifying cities & 9 eligible sectors

Source: www.jnnurm.nic.in

WHY JNNURM?
Increase in urban population Increasing dependence of productivity of cities Increase in urban slums Lack of infrastructure supporting the rise in population

Source: www.censusindia.gov.in

JNNURM - INTENT
JNNURM aimed at creating economically productive, efficient, equitable, and responsive cities, focusing on a) Development of economic and social infrastructure and renewal of inner areas

b) Ensuring basic services to the poor

c) Undertaking wide-ranging reforms - eliminating legal, institutional and financial bottlenecks

d) Strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with 74th CAA.

JNNURM-Two Track Strategy

JNNURM

Track-I

For 63 Identified cities

UIDSSMT & IHSDP

Track-II

For Other cities

MISSION COVERAGE
63 cities in total including mega cities, million-plus cities and cities of religious/historic/tourist significance

A B

Cities/UAs with 4 million plus population as per 2001 census Cities/UAs with 1 million plus but less than 4 million population as per 2001 Census

07 28

Selected Cities/UAs (State Capitals and other cities/UA of religious/historic and touristic importance)

28

MISSION OBJECTIVES
2 Ensure adequate funds to fulfill deficiencies

1 Integrated development of infrastructure services

3 Planned development of cities

Encourage reforms and fast track planned development

6 Secure effective linkages between asset creation & asset management 4 Provision of services for the urban poor 5 Redevelopment of old cities

MISSION STRATEGY
2 Preparation of project 1 Preparing city development plan 3 Release and leveraging of funds

Encourage reforms and fast track planned development

4 Direct fund flow
5 Optimizing to reduce Life cycle costs

6 Encouraging PPPs

MISSION COMPONENTS
Admissible Components:
Urban Renewal Water Supply (including Desalination & Sewerage) Solid Waste Management Storm Water Drains

Inadmissible Components:
Power Telecom Health Education Wage employment & staff components

Urban Transport
Parking spaces on PPP basis Development of heritage areas Prevention & rehabilitation of soil erosion (only in case of Special Category States) Preservation of water bodies

UIDSSMT:
Power and telecommunication work Rolling stock like buses and tram

Health and educational institution

Urban transport (MRTS, LRTS etc.) Wage employment and staff component

FUNDING PATTERN
Urban Infrastructure and Governance Funding Pattern Grant Centre Cities with 4 million plus population 50% State 15% ULB/Parastatals /Loan from Financial Institution 35%

Cities with million plus but less than 4million population

Cities in North Eastern States and J&K Other Cities

30%
90% 80%

20%
10% 10%

50%

10%

Setting up de-salination plants

80%

10%

10%

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Operate with modern and transparent financial management systems.

Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governance

City-wide framework for planning and governance to become operational.

Up gradation of urban infrastructure.

Access to basic level of urban services to all urban residents.

E-governance applications in core functions of ULBs/ Parastatal agencies

CASE STUDY - VIJAYAWADA

Vijayawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh after Hyderabad and Vishakapatnam.
It is one of the major railway junction connecting the northern and southern parts of India It is considered as the agricultural and commercial capital of the state

Main Features of the project: Sewerage connection available on demand Reduced complaints on mosquitoes and flies Improved health and hygiene situation Savings cost due to septic tank cleaning and initial construction cost

CASE STUDY - SURAT

Surat is the second largest city in Gujarat after Ahmedabad
It is known for textile trade and diamond cutting& manufacturing industries

CASE STUDY - CHENNAI

Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu state and fourth largest metropolitan city

The metropolitan area consists of 1 cantonment, 4 townships, 16 municipalities, 20 special village panchayats and 213 village panchayats
It is a major port and trade city which acts as gateway in the southern part of India

Site before construction

Site after construction

CASE STUDY - MADURAI

Madurai is a temple town situated on river Vaigai and third largest city in Tamil Nadu state

Its a pilgrimage centre and has Meenakshi temple at its core

CASE STUDY - BANGALORE

Bangalore which is major IT industry based city has many slums which is significantly tampering the citys prestige

The JNNURM scheme intended to alleviate the social status of this slums in the period of 7 seven years

The team of CIVIC had conducted a survey on the slums and its conditions deducing to a form indicator based analysis

OBSERVATIONS FROM CAGS REPORT

A total of 1517 and 1298 housing and urban infrastructure projects respectively were approved and only 22 housing projects were completed and regarding urban infrastructure projects only 231 projects out 1298.

The mandatory and optional reforms were not implemented thus the objective of bringing about reforms in institutional, financial and structural governance of the ULBs could not be achieved

From the audit reports it has been estimated that almost 1112.4 crores have been in loss in accountability.

There is no adequate staff working under various ministries to get the expected outcome which lies as major drawback in the implementation of the scheme.

INFERENCES
1. Efficiency of urban governance and delivery of services depends on the efficacy of institutions of governance. This calls for urgent attention and priority action under JNNURM and the Mission document must reflect this. 2. A major failure of city governance has been our inability to address the needs of the poor - basic services like drinking water supply, sanitation, housing and social services are not available to an increasing share of urban population. 3.Incentives to those states which are implementing the reforms envisaged in JNNURM guidelines. 4.Government should review the status of all housing projects and step up efforts to make allotment to eligible beneficiaries. 5.Government should strengthen the monitoring system of the execution of the projects.

6.The fiscal structure needs to be given more transparency and monitoring such that there is no monetary loss.

REFERENCES
JNNURM report by Arun Meira JNNURM appraisal report by John Thornton CIVIC report on Bangalore slums www.JNNURM.nic.in Assessment on JNNURM projects by Darshini Mahadevia and Trisha Gogoi