3 ITU Structure and Function

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
International Telecommunications Union Structure and Function: ITU-R Detail
IGARSS 2006 Spectrum Management Seminar

July 30, 2006
Thomas vonDeak NASA HQ Spectrum Management Office Thomas.vonDeak@nasa.gov
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
ITU Sectors Overview of the ITU

ITU-R, ITU-T, ITU-D Management Structure
ITU-R Structure and Functions

World Radio Conference (WRC)
Radio Regulations
Study Groups
WRC Conference Preparatory Material Recommendations, Reports, Handbooks
Registration and Coordination
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
Module 3
http://www.un.org/aboutun/chartlg.html
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
International Telecommunication Union

Based in Geneva, Switzerland History Began with interconnecting telegraph across international borders; Founded in 1865 in Paris as the International Telegraph Union Involvement in radiocomm: first radio conference 1908 impetus from the sinking of the Titanic in the North Atlantic 1912 Current denomination ITU in 1934
http://www.itu.int
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
ITU in brief
139 years old (founded on 17 May 1865)
189 Member States, 620 Sector Members, 100 Associates UN specialized agency, 750 staff / 71 nationalities concerned with the development Annual budget = $140,000,000 of telecommunication networks and services worldwide Website: www.itu.int Module 3
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
Structure of ITU
(Decision Making)
Plenipotentiary Conference Council World Radiocommunication Conferences/RRC Radiocommunication Assemblies and Study Groups Telecommunication Standardization Conferences Development Conferences
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
Plenipotentiary Conference
coordination authority and responsibility advisory
ITU Council
Secretary General Deputy Secretary General
Coordination Committee
SG, DSG, Directors
World Telecommunication Advisory Council
Radiocommunication Sector (Director)
Telecommunication Standardization Sector (Director)
Telecommunication Development Sector (Director)
General Secretariat (Secretary General) (Deputy SG)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
ITU Structure
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCES
all administrations comprise membership meet in principle every four years adopt fundamental long-term policies decide on organization and activities in a Treaty: Constitution (basic provisions such as purpose, structure, functions) Convention (provisions more prone to change: working methods, procedures, financial matters, etc)
...
Module 3
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PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCES
determine budget limits for the next four years within which Council approves annual budget fill elective posts, including RRB and Council next conference: Oct. 30-Nov. 17, 2006 (Istanbul)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
11
ITU COUNCIL
46 Members meets annually 5 regions
A B C D E Americas (8 seats) Western Europe (8 seats) Eastern Europe (5 seats) Africa (13 seats) Asia and Australasia (12 seats)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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ITU COUNCIL
considers broad telecommunication issues to keep policies and strategies in line with the evolution in telecommunication ensures the coordination of the work of the Union exercises financial control adopts the annual budget
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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13
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R)

Mission
To ensure rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including those using satellite orbits, and to carry out studies and adopt recommendations on radiocommunication matters.
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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ITU-R mission (continued)
Mission achieved through (inter alia): World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences Approval of Recommendations
Technical studies are required which are conducted in Study Groups
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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15
ITU TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR (ITU-T)
Studies technical, operational and tariff questions and adopts recommendations with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis Study Group Activities include but are not limited to: Service Definition, Numbering and Routing Networks: (Telecommunication Management, Integrated Broadband Cable and Television, Intelligent, Optical Transport Quality of Service and Performance IP related matters Global Information Infrastructure and Satellite matters Multimedia Services Systems and Terminals E-business and E-commerce Communication System Security IMT 2000 and Beyond and for Mobility
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
16
ITU-D
Development Sector
Newest of the ITU Sectors
Facilitate connectivity and access, foster policy, regulatory and network readiness, and expand human capacity through training programs, formulate financing strategies and enable enterprises in developing countries.
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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ITU-R Structure and Function

World Radiocommunication Conferences Radiocommunication Assemblies Study Groups Radio Regulations Board (RRB) Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG) Bureau (BR) - Director: V. Timofeev, Russia Space services department Terrestrial services department Publications
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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Radio Regulations (RR)

The Radio Regulations (treaty status) incorporates the decisions of the World Radiocommunication Conferences, including all Appendices, Resolutions, Recommendations and ITU-R Recommendations incorporated by reference.
Frequency block allocations to defined radio services (Article 5) Mandatory or voluntary regulatory procedures (coordination, plan modification, notification, recording) that are adapted to the allocation structure
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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19
GSO SATELLITES
INTERFERENCE
Interference free operation

RR
Non-GSO SATELLITES
Control of interference
TERRESTRIAL STATION
TRANSMITTING EARTH STATION
RECEIVING EARTH STATION
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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20
WRC Process
Revisions to RR, Resolutions & Recommendations Final Acts
ITU Member States (189)
Technical bases
Rec
WRC CPM Director

Radiocommunication Bureau
RR
RRB
SGs & SC
CPM: Rec: RofP: RR:
Module 3
RofP RRB: Radio Regulations Board SGs: Radiocommunication Study Groups WRC: World Radiocommunication Conference
Conference Preparatory Meeting ITU-R Recommendation Rules of Procedure Radio Regulations (treaty status)
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
21
World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC)

Updates the Radio Regulations (Treaty status) Spectrum Allocation Notification procedures Administrative and operational procedures Adopts Resolutions WRC Held every 3-4 years
RR
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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22
Radiocommunication Assembly (RA)
Approves ITU-R Recommendations

Adopts a work program for the ITU-R Study Groups
Adopts work procedures

Held in conjunction with a WRC
RA
RR
SGs
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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23
Radio Regulations Board (RRB)

Approves Rules of Procedures to facilitate the application of the Radio RRB Regulations Considers cases of harmful interference & appeals against BR decisions on frequency assignment
RofP
Harmful Interf.
12 part-time Members & 4 meetings/year

Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
24
Radiocommunication Advisory Group (RAG)
Reviews strategies, priorities, operations, finance Provides guidelines to Study Groups Provides advice to the Director Meets once a year
RAG
Module 3
Director
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
25
Radiocommunication Study Groups (ITU-R SGs)
Groups of experts from ITU membership Draft technical bases for WRCs & RRCs Draft Recommendations technical characteristics WRC operational procedures Compile Handbooks RA
CPM
SGs
Module 3
July 30, 2006
Rec
www.nasa.gov
26
ITU-R Study Groups Groups of experts from ITU membership:

Draft Recommendations (technical characteristics & operational procedures Draft technical bases for WRCs and RRCs Compile Handbooks
SG 1: Spectrum management SG 3: Radiowave propagation SG 4: Fixed-satellite service SG 6: Broadcasting service SG 7: Science services SG 8: Mobile services SG 9: Fixed service
- Coordination Committee for Vocabulary (CCV) - Special Committee (regulatory/procedural) - Regulatory/Procedural Group (RPG for RRC-06) - Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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Study Group 1 (Spectrum management)

Principles and techniques for spectrum management sharing criteria and methods spectrum monitoring long-term strategies for spectrum utilization Inter-service sharing and compatibility
Scope
Key areas of study
UWB compatibility and spectrum management framework (completed) Spectrum management methodologies long-term planning for national SM economic approaches Handbooks Computer aided techniques for spectrum management National spectrum management
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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EXAMPLE OF A STUDY GROUP STRUCTURE
S G 1 S p e c tr u m M a n a g e m e n t
W P 1 A S p e c tr u m E n g in e e r in g
W P 1 B S p e c tr u m M a n a g e m e n t M e h to d s
W P 1 C S p e c tr u m M o n ito r in g
T G 1 /9 P r o te c tio n o fP a s s iv e e r v ic e sfr o m U n w a n te d (completed) S E m is s io n so fA c tiv eS e r v ic e s

July 30, 2006
T G 1 /8 U ltr a -W id e b a n d D e v ic e s
Module 3
www.nasa.gov
29
Study Group 3 (Radiowave propagation)

Propagation of radiowaves in ionized and non-ionized media and the characteristics of radio noise, for the purpose of improving radiocommunication systems
Scope
Key areas of study
Global mapping of radiometeorological parameters rain intensity, water vapour density refractivity Prediction procedures terrestrial broadcasting and mobile services (RRC) mobile personal communication (IMT-2000, GMPCS) and wireless access systems (RLAN, BWA) Earth-space paths interference and coordination
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
30
Study Group 4 (Fixed-satellite service)

Systems and networks for the FSS and inter-satellite links (in the FSS), including associated tracking, telemetry and telecommand functions
Scope
Key areas of study
Sharing between HEO/FSS and GEO/FSS networks calculation of minimum separation angles analysis of interference from HEO system TT&C transmissions into GSO/FSS networks protection of GEO/FSS networks from interference caused by HEO/FSS systems IP over satellite WRC-07 issues e.g. study spectrum requirements and technical provisions for possible global harmonised broadband FSS systems for Internet applications
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
31
Study Group 6 (Broadcasting service)

Radiocommunication broadcasting (terrestrial and satellite) of vision, sound, multimedia and data services primarily intended for delivery to the general public
Scope
Key areas of study
Digital terrestrial broadcasting protection criteria for RRC planning parameters" for digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting Digital satellite broadcasting satellite return channel for interactive BSS system parameters for BSS between 17.3 and 42.5 GHz (including associated feeder-links) Studies on advanced broadcasting technologies large screen digital imagery (LSDI) & interactive multimedia services objective measurement of perceptual image quality & image scanning formats Studies for WRC-07 identification of additional spectrum for the broadcasting service in the HF bands protection of terrestrial broadcasting service from multiple satellite broadcasting systems in the band 620790 MHz
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
32
Study Group 7 (Science services)

Systems for space operation, space research, Earth exploration and meteorology Radio astronomy Standard frequency and time signals
Scope
Key areas of study
Allocations for space science services space operations and space research services Earth exploration satellite service Compatibility between science services (active and passive) and other services (including sharing and protection criteria) Handbooks radio astronomy use of radio spectrum for meteorology (with WMO)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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Handbooks developed by SG 7
Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology
Space Research Communications Radio Astronomy Selection and Use of Precise Frequency Time Systems EESS (under development)
Module 3
and
July 30, 2006
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34
Study Group 8 (Mobile services)

Scope Systems and networks for the mobile, radiodetermination and amateur services, including related satellite services
Key areas of study
IMT-2000 update radio interface specifications systems beyond IMT-2000 ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) standards for Vehicle Information and Communication Systems (VICS) evolution of Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) systems Software defined radio systems system standardization & regulatory considerations WRC-07 issues aeronautical mobile and mobile-satellite service requirements and sharing studies radiolocation requirements at 9 GHz use of digital technology in the MF and HF maritime mobile bands
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
35
Study Group 9 (Fixed services)

Scope
Systems and networks of the fixed service operating via terrestrial stations
Key areas of study
Fixed wireless systems providing fixed wireless access (FWA), including broadband (BWA), using point-to-point (P-P) or point-to-multipoint (P-MP) distribution systems High-density applications (HDFS) High altitude platform stations (HAPS) High-Frequency (HF) systems
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
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Study Group Products
ITU-R Recommendations (draft)

Handbooks
Technical bases for WRC and RRC

- e.g., CPM Report (draft)
Module 3
July 30, 2006
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Preparation of CPM Report

Agenda of next WRC
ITU-R Study Group

SG 1 SG 3 SG 4 SG 6 SG 7 SG 8 SG 9 SC Spectrum management Radiowave propagation Fixed-satellite service Broadcasting services Science services Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur & related services Fixed service Special Committee on regulatory/procedural matters
The 1st CPM
Held directly after a WRC.
Draft CPM Report to WRC
Contributions from membership
The 2 CPM
nd
Held some few months before a WRC.
CPM Report to WRC

Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
38
ITU-R Recommendations
The ITU-R Recommendations constitute a set of international technical standards. They are the result of studies undertaken by Radiocommunication Study Groups on: the use of a vast range of wireless services, including popular new mobile communication technologies; the management of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits; the efficient use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services; terrestrial and satellite broadcasting; radiowave propagation; systems and networks for the fixed-satellite service, the fixed and the mobile services; space operation, Earth exploration-satellite, meteorological-satellite and radio astronomy services. The ITU-R Recommendations are approved by ITU Member States. Their implementation is not mandatory; however, as they are developed by experts from administrations, operators, the industry and other organizations dealing with radiocommunication matters from all over the world, they enjoy a high reputation and are implemented worldwide.
Used by spectrum planners and system designers Some referred to in the Radio Regulations Over 900 Recommendations in 16 series
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
39
ITU-R Handbooks
ITU-R Handbook is a text which provides a statement of the current knowledge, the present position of studies, or of good operating or technical practice, in certain aspects of radiocommunications, which should be addressed to a radio engineer, system planner or operating official who plans, designs or uses radio services or systems, paying particular attention to the requirements of developing countries. It is self-contained, require no familiarity with other ITU Radiocommunication texts or procedures, but does not duplicate the scope and content of publications readily available outside the ITU.
Tutorial in nature Liaison with ITU-D (and ITU-T) Continuing Handbook programme in ITU-R Over 30 Handbooks published
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
40
CPM Report to WRC-07

structure Mobile, Aeronautical Mobile, Radionavigation and Radiolocation services Space Science Services Fixed-Satellite, Mobile-Satellite and Broadcasting-satellite service below 3GHz Fixed Services including HAPS and fixed-sat services above 3 GHz Services in LF, MF and HF bands and Maritime service Regulatory procedures and associated technical criteria applicable to satellite networks Future WRC work programmes and other issues
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
41
ITU-R SG Conclusion
The Study Groups represent a major aspect of ITU-R activities Technical forum for discussion amongst experts Recommendations and Handbooks Technical bases for Radio Conferences
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
42
Other ITU-R Services
Coordination and recording procedures for space systems and earth stations: capture, processing and publication of data and examination of frequency assignment notices submitted by administrations for inclusion in the formal coordination procedures or recording in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR). Procedures for space related assignment or allotment plans Assistance to administrations on all of the above issues
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
43
International Filing 101

Process defined in Articles 9 & 11 of the Radio Regulations Revised at every WRC Three steps
Advance Publication Information (API):
Submit information about satellite to ITU Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) Administrations have 4 months to make comments
Request for Coordination (CR/C) - TDRS only

Submit specific information about satellite to BR BR determines what countries must agree based on RR App 5
Notification
Submit specific information about satellite to BR BR determines regulatory compliance and coordination requirements, if any, are met Satellite links recorded in the Master Intl Frequency Register (MIFR)
~Three year process / More if Coordination is required
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
44
Flow Diagram for Registration
Applies for all satellite networks except for those to be operated in accordance with a Plan i.e. App. 30, 30A & 30B
ADVANCE PUBLICATION Art. 9,Section I, SubSections IA and IB REQUEST AGREEMENT Art. 9/9.21 Ap4/II or III
REQUEST COORDINATION GEO only GEO v. GEO Art. 9/9.7 Res. 33/II GEO Non-GEO
Ap4/II GEO & Non-GEO Non-GEO v. Non-GEO, GEO, TERR GEO v. Non-GEO,TERR 9.11A (12, 12A, 13, 14) Applies only in certain bands & services
BSS v. TERR Art. 9.11 Res. 33/I Non-GEO
NOTIFICATION Art. 11 Res. 33
RECORDING IN MIFR
Module 3
July 30, 2006
ITU Seminar www.nasa.gov
45
COORDINATION AMONG SATELLITE NETWORKS

Advanced Publication Information (API)
Created with SpaceCap software written by ITU staff
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/software/space/index.html
API date of receipt is beginning of Date of Bringing into use (DBIU)

If frequencies not brought into use within 7 years, filing canceled
ITU publishes APIs once information is verified to be complete
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
46
SATELLITE NETWORK REGISTRATION

International Frequency Information Circular (IFIC) Special Section published on CD-ROM for all ITU members (bi-weekly)
Opportunity to verify if the intended new satellite network (or changes to existing ones) would create unacceptable interference to your network 4 month time limit from date of publication to provide comments
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
47

Coordination Publication Information (CPI)
Also created with SpaceCap software
This filing contains detailed information about satellite network Coordination receipt date determines coordination priority to other satellite networks
Earliest date is 6 months after API date of receipt
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
48

Coordination Publication analyzed by ITU staff
Checks data submitted conforms with the Convention, Table of Frequency Allocations, other provisions of the Radio Regulations
ITU determines the filings requirement to coordinate with specific existing networks The Administrations are listed in published Appendix S4 document
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
49

All Administrations have opportunity to add their name to the list in which the satellite network must coordinate Negotiations between Administrations take place to iron out anticipated difficulties
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
50

Notification of Satellite Network
After successful completion of coordination procedure
BR examines the complete S4 again for completeness Favorable finding allows network to be added to the MIFR Master International Frequency Register
Frequencies registered in the MIFR have obtained international recognition
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
51
SATELLITE COORDINATION
When is coordination required?
Coordination is required when specified in the footnotes to the Table of Frequency Allocations (RR Appendix 5):
Criterion Delta T/T > 6%

Equivalent noise temperature increase for satellite link Method of calculation in Appendix 8
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
52
Registering Sensors
Why cant sensors be registered? Why do we want to register sensors? Why would someone want to block us from registering sensors?
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
53
Filing Sensors Current Situation: Headaches All submissions to BR (communication links or sensors) must be provided using official ITU-R software Parameters used to describe a system in the software are explicitly enumerated in Appendix 4 of the Radio Regulations
Parameters apply to communication links only (e.g., necessary bandwidth of the emission, associated earth station, etc.)
Additional ITU-R validation software must sanity check submission before it is sent to BR
Software will report fatal errors if fields are left blank or sensor parameters force fit into fields do not seem logical for a communication link Providing a cover letter with the submission explaining why the validation software provides fatal errors sometimes helps reduce some subsequent paperwork.
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
54
Filing Sensors More Headaches

Circular letter CR/237 (February 2000)
Developed by science community to provide relevant technical parameters regarding sensors during filing process, BUT Even if submitted with sensor filing, the Radio Regulations do not instruct the BR to process it in any way, SO The relevant parameters are never permanently saved anywhere for administrations to be able to reference or use
When a sensor filing is published by the BR

Administrations often dont recognize a sensor is a sensor and may object due to fears of interference even from passive sensors!
If Sensors is recorded in MIFR...

All information from CR/237 is discarded by the BR because their is no purpose for it recognized in the Radio Regulations
Module 3
www.nasa.gov
July 30, 2006
55
Steps in the Right Direction

BR Circular CR/256 (May 2006)
BR has implemented 4 new station classes to identify active & passive sensors on GSO and non-GSO satellites separately from communication links on SRS/EESS spacecraft However, this only gives Administrations and the BR a heads up as to why the filed parameters may seem to be nonsense; the BR is unable to publish or record the parameters unique to sensors without instruction to do so in the Radio Regulations
Proposals to WRC-07 (Agenda Item 1.12)

Identify active and passive sensors with relevant parameters in Appendix 4 of the Radio Regulations Proposals in discussion in U.S.; similar common proposal coming from European Union However, some proponents of telecomm systems have expressed concerns that providing sensors the same ability as telecomm systems to inform the world they exist would erode regulatory protections the telecomm systems currently enjoy
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
56
Summary of International Spectrum Management
International Telecommunication Union

Three Sectors: Radiocommunications, Telecommunications, and Development Management Structure: Plenipotentiary, Council, Radioadvisory Group
ITU-R Structure
Study Groups: Recommendations, Handbooks, Reports, and CPM
Radiocommunication Bureau: Registration and Coordination

Radiocommunication Board: Rules of Procedure
Module 3
July 30, 2006
www.nasa.gov
57

3 ITU Structure and Function

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

International Telecommunications Union Structure and Function: ITU-R Detail

IGARSS 2006 Spectrum Management Seminar

Thomas vonDeak NASA HQ Spectrum Management Office Thomas.vonDeak@nasa.gov

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ITU Sectors Overview of the ITU

ITU-R Structure and Functions

Registration and Coordination

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

International Telecommunication Union

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

World Telecommunication Advisory Council

Radiocommunication Sector (Director)

Telecommunication Standardization Sector (Director)

Telecommunication Development Sector (Director)

General Secretariat (Secretary General) (Deputy SG)

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ITU-R mission (continued)

Technical studies are required which are conducted in Study Groups

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ITU TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR (ITU-T)

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ITU-R Structure and Function

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Radio Regulations (RR)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Interference free operation

TRANSMITTING EARTH STATION

RECEIVING EARTH STATION

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ITU Member States (189)

WRC CPM Director

July 30, 2006

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC)