SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
Name:-Moina Ersad.
B-Tech ,3rd Year ,5th
Semester
Department of Biomedical
Engineering.
Roll No.:-11931061009
Session:-2008-2009
Guide Teacher:-Sujan
K.Samanta
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Topic of Seminar:-

“ MODERN DAY’S
CANCER
THERAPY ”

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CANCER:-

Cancer is regarded as a group of

diseases characterised by:
ii) Abnormal growth of cells
iii) Ability to invade adjacent tissues
iv) Eventual death of the affected
person if the tumour has progressed
beyond that stage where it can be
successfully removed.
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Overview of cancerous cells. 5
Microscopic view of the rapidly dividing
cancer cells. 6
ITS CAUSES:-
 Prolonged use of cosmetics like black
or dark brown hair dyes.
 Parental use of pesticides or exposure
to petrochemicals industry at the time
of pregnancy.
 Eating meat of cattle which have been
injected with high levels of estrogen
before slaughter.
 Industrial carcinogens like poly vinyl
chloride (PVC), organic compounds
etc.
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 Smoking ,Drinking
 Locations
 Heredity and reproductive history.
 Exposure to X-Rays.
 Chronic irritation.
 Various types of body implants.

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ITS TREATMENT
OPTIONS:-
1. Surgery
2. Radiation therapy
3. Chemotherapy
4. Conventional drugs
5. Vaccines

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1.SURGERY:-
 Usually the first line of treatment.
 If detected earlier ,the patient may be
cured surgically.
 Its application depends upon the size,
location and stage of the disease.
 Often used in combination with
chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

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 2.RADIATION
THERAPY:-
How they work?
Cause damage
High energy Cancerous
within cells
waves growth

Prevent
Causes cells to die
accurate
cell division

What types of cancer are treated?

About 60% of cancer cases require radiation therapy.
For example: Prostrate, skin, head and neck, throat,
larynx, breast, brain, lung, bone, leukemia, ovarian,
uterus cancers etc. 11
What are the different types of Radiation Therapy?

Radiation
Therapy

Internal Radiation External Radiation Photon Radiation Particle Radiation

What are the drawbacks of Radiation Therapy?

 Not specific to cancerous cells, may damage
healthy cells as well.
 Only cells in division state are sensitive to
radiation therapy.
 It takes a lot of time ,i.e. over a few weeks.
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3.CHEMOTHERAPY:-
How they work?
The term chemotherapy or ‘chemo’ refers to the
wide range of chemicals used to treat cancer
cells. They generally work by killing dividing
cells by disrupting the normal cell division
procedure.
What are the types of cancer treated?
About 80% of all the cancers require
chemotherapy. They include Leukemia,
bladder, breast ,osteogenic ,pancreatic ,colon
,stomach ,rectal, liver and skin cancers.
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What are the different types of
chemicals used in Chemotherapy?

Antimetabolites:-Interfere with the

formation of key biomolecules like
nucleotides and hence interfere with
DNA replication and thereby cell
division.
 Genotoxic Drugs:-Damage DNA.
 Spindle inhibitors:-Interfere with
cytoskeletal components like spindle
fibers that enables cell division. 14
What are the different drawbacks of
Chemotherapy?
 Chemicals like methoxate are toxic at
high doses.
 Hepatotoxicity (damaging effects on
liver) is possible at high or low dosage
concentration of drug
 Causes physical side effects like mouth
sores, extreme hair loss, skin rash etc.
 Normal dividing cells are also affected
sometimes.
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4.CONVENTIONAL
DRUGS:-
How they work?
They comprise of different drugs in the
form of antibodies, hormones etc.
which prevent cancer cell growth or
causes the death of the cancer cells in
many different ways.
What are the types of cancer treated?
Cancer detected in its early stages are
generally treated by conventional
drugs. They include breast, ovarian and
prostrate cancers in their early stages.
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What are the
different types
of
Conventional
drugs?

 Hormonal
Treatments
 Specific
inhibitors
 Antibodies

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5.VACCINES:-
Their purpose is to stimulate the body’s own
defence against cancer. They usually contain
proteins found or produced by cancer cells.

THE FIRST CANCER PREVENTION

VACCINE:-
 The majority of the cervical cancers are believed
to be caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
 In laboratory it is possible to construct non
infectious virus like particles (VLP).
 They are similar to infectious viruses but are
free of viral DNA and hence cant reproduce.
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 On injecting into body, they generate
immune response quiet strongly.
 This vaccine is commercially known as
Gardasil.
 Recently, on 6th October 2008,the
discoverer of this virus(HPV), Dr.
Harald Zur Hausen, 72 , of German
Cancer Research Centre was awarded
the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

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STATISTICAL INFORMATION:-

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CONCLUSION:-
Prevention of Cancer is not in our hands.
But we can do many things within our
capacity like avoiding toxic food
substances, abstaining from tobacco
and other known carcinogens, using
environmental friendly products etc.

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REFERENCES:-
 www.cancerquest.org
 www.ezinearticles.com
 www.oncolink.com/types
 www.heall.com
 Preventive and Social Medicine ,by
K. Park.

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