Alternative System Building Approach

System Concept
A System can be described simply as a set of
elements joined together for a common objective.

Methodical or coordinated assemblage of

parts, facts, concepts. System is an established
or organized procedure.
Institute of Banking and Management Studies (IBMS) - MIS 2011 - Prakash Dhakal

Alternative

System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES END-USERS DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING
And also System Life-Cycle is an Alternative System Building Approach.
It is a traditional methodology that uses a phased approach to build a system, dividing systems development into formal stages, & corresponding to the stages of systems devt. Each stage consists of basic activities that must be performed before the next stage can begin.

Alternative

System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING
Process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation so that end users can better define information requirements.
It is more explicitly iterative than the conventional life cycle and it actively promotes system design changes.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES

END-USER DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING

Alternative

System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES
It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease. The key criteria in evaluating application software packages are: functions; flexibility, user-friendliness, hardware, software resources, database requirements, documentation, vendor quality, and cost etc.

END-USER DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING

Alternative

System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES END-USER DEVELOPMENT
In End-User Development, the system is more likely to fill user requirements. However, rapid prototyping can gloss over essential programming and documentation steps.

Also, software tools called fourth-generation languages enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance.

OUTSOURCING

Alternative

System Building Approach

PROTOTYPING APPLICATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES END-USER DEVELOPMENT OUTSOURCING
Outsourcing means using an external vendor to operate a firm's information systems. The system may be custom built or may use a software package. In Outsourcing, the work is done by the vendor rather than by the organization's internal information systems staff.

Prototyping
Prototyping is the process of building an experimental system quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and evaluation so that end users can better define information requirements. The prototype is a preliminary model that is refined until it meets end-user requirements.

4-Step Model on

Prototyping Process

1. IDENTIFY USERS REQUIREMENTS 2. DEVELOP PROTOTYPE 3. USE PROTOTYPE 4. REVISE & ENHANCE PROTOTYPE Best For Design of End-User Interface: How end-user interacts with system

Application

Software Packages
An application software package is a strategy in developing an information system.

It is a set of prewritten, pre-coded application software programs that are commercially available for sale or lease.
Features of Application Software Packages are: 1. Customization 2. Request for Proposal (RFO)

Features on

Software Packages

Customization allows a package to be modified to meet unique requirements without destroying the integrity of the package software.

Customization
Request for Proposal

Features on

Software Packages

RFP is a detailed list of questions submitted to vendors of packaged software. Design activities focus on matching requirements to package features

Customization

Request for Proposal

End Users

Development
It enable end users to create reports or develop software applications with no technical assistance. In end-user development, software tools are called fourth-generation languages.
There are seven categories of fourth-generation languages:
Application Generators PC Software Tools

Application Software Packages

High Programming Languages

Query Languages
Graphic Languages

End Users

Development
Improve requirement determination as user specify their own business need.
Increase User Involvement and Satisfaction Reduce Application Backlog

Strengths
Weaknesses Managing EUD

End Users

Development

Relatively Inefficient Slow Transaction Processing Strengths

May Carry High Cost Large File Can Degrade Performance May Limit Logic and Updating Requirement

Weaknesses
Managing EUD

End Users

Development

INFORMATION CENTER: Special Facility Within Organization Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing

Strengths Weaknesses

Managing EUD

Outsourcing
Using an external vendor to build or operate a firm's information systems is known as outsourcing.

The system may be custom built or may use a software package.

Firms outsources because their internal information system staff cannot keep pace with technological change

The provider of outsourcing services benefits from Economics of Scale

Outsourcing

If firm wont distinguish itself by developing application (i.e. Payroll) If existing system is limited, ineffective, inferior .

Use of Outsourcing
Contracting
Problems of Outsourcing

To improve the contribution of IT to Business Performance

Outsourcing

COMPUTER CENTER OPERATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TO EXTERNAL VENDORS

Use of Outsourcing

Contracting
Problems of Outsourcing

Outsourcing

INFORMATION CENTER: Special Facility Within Organization Provides Training, Support for End-User-Computing

Use of Outsourcing Contracting

Problems of Outsourcing

Thank You !