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Fiber-to-the-Home

What is FTTH?
CO/HE

Copper // Fiber

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Old networks, optimized for voice

24 kbps - 1.5 Mbps

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Optical networks, optimized for voice, video and data

19 Mbps - 1 Gbps +

What is FTTH?
An OAN in which the ONU is on or within the customers premise. Although the first installed capacity of a FTTH network varies, the upgrade capacity of a FTTH network exceeds all other transmission media.
OAN: ONU: OLT: Optical Access Network Optical Network Unit Optical Line Termination
OAN
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OLT

ONU

FTTN
Fiber to the Node < 25 Mb/s

FTTC
Fiber to the Curb 25 30 Mb/s

FTTB
Fiber to the Building 50 100 Mb/s

FTTH
Fiber to the Home 100 + Mb/s

Why FTTH?
Enormous information carrying capacity Easily upgradeable Ease of installation Allows fully symmetric services Reduced operations and maintenance costs Benefits of optical fiber:
Very long distances Strong, flexible, and reliable Allows small diameter and light weight cables Secure Immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Why FTTH? - longer distances*


100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Twisted Pair Co-axial M ultimode Single-mode

kilometers

* Typical distance for 1 Gbps system capability

Architectures PON (A-. E- or G-)


Usually 10-20 km OLT
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ONU

Optical splitter 1x16 1x32


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Architectures PON (2) (A-. E- or G-)


1550 nm broadcast (if used) OLT 1490* nm data
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ONU

1310 nm data

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* Data may be transmitted at 1550 nm if not used for video

Architectures Active Node


Up to 70 km OLT
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Up to 10 km
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ONU

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Processing (powered)

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Architectures Active Node (2)


OLT

1550 nm broadcast (if used)


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ONU

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Data, 1310 or 1550 nm on separate fibers

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Architectures Hybrid PON


Up to 70 km OLT Optical splitter Up to 10 km

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ONU

Processing (powered)

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Optical splitter

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Architectures Hybrid PON (2)


Single fiber, 1550 broadcast, 1310 bidirectional data
OLT

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1550 nm broadcast
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ONU

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Data, 1310 or 1550 nm on separate fibers

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Technical considerations - Speed


Required Data Rate

FTTH

HDTV DSL or cable Streaming modem audio VoIP Picture in 15 seconds


Service

SDTV

Technical considerations Speed


August 17, 2001: MGM, Paramount Pictures, Sony Pictures, Warner Brothers, and Universal Studios unveiled plans for a joint venture that would allow computer users to download rental copies of feature films over the Internet. December 9, 2002: Hollywood's Latest Flop Fortune Magazine The files are huge. At 952 Megabytes, Braveheart took just less than five hours to download using our DSL Line at home
Estimated minimum time to acquire Braveheart

Technology Modem 56 kb/s ISDN 128 kb/s

Minutes

Hours

Days 2

20

DSL 1 Mb/s Cable 2.5 Mb/s

2.5 1

FTTH

0.4

PON link budgets


A system is limited in the distance you can send signals and the maximum number of times you can split the signal to go to different subscribers. The main problem is usually that the signal level drops too low to be usable.

PON link budgets


Fiber loss per km is 0.25 dB (1550 nm) to 0.4 dB (1260 - 1360 nm) Every time the signal is split two ways, half the power goes one way and half goes the other. So each direction gets half the power, or the signal is reduced by 10log(0.5)=3 dB. Practical loss is 3.5 dB nominal, so every twoway split costs about 10 km distance @ 1310 nm

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FTTH Standards?
Customers want to use standardized systems for maximum choice in equipment, lowest cost, and widespread availability There are two known groups working on standards
FSAN Full Service Access Network
Reports submitted to ITU as the standards body Formed by 7 telecom companies in 1995 Now many more members G.98x series of standards, most based on ATM but now adding others

IEEE 802 EFM Ethernet in the First Mile


First standards due out 2004 Fiber and copper Ethernet to the home and business

ITU-T G.98x series


Only published international standard for FTTH Describes a Passive Optical Network carrying ATM traffic and TDMA subscriber access Several versions published since October 1998
G.983.1 - Basic ATM-PON system G.983.2 - ONT management and control interface G.983.3 - WDM system for enhanced services (i.e. analog video) G.984.1 and -.2 GPON (hybrid ATM and Ethernet) G.985 100 Mb/s point-to-point, Ethernet

IEEE 802.3ah - Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)


Organized informally via the IEEE 802.3 in Fall 2000 Chartered as IEEE 802.3ah in Spring 2001 Develop 1 Gb/s Ethernet access standards including FTTH
Point-to-Point (home run) Point-to-Multipoint (PON) Twisted pair standards too

Publication 2004

IEEE 802.3ah EFM status


PON Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) based on ITU-T 983 series Home run PMD based on fast and gigabit Ethernet standards

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