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Alberta Petroleum
Capital Spending
40 35 30 25 Billions 20 15 10 5 0
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 05
Year
Wells Drilled
25,000 20,000 Total Wells 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1998 2000 2002 Year 2004 Oil Gas Total
Peak Oil
In 1956, Marion King Hubbert presented a paper called Nuclear Energy and Fossil Fuels at a meeting of the American Petroleum Institute in San Antonio. He predicted that United States oil production would peak in 1970. The US Government, influenced by oil companies, disregarded this warning and continued to produce domestic oil without developing friendly and fair foreign relations with oil exporting companies- particularly the Middle East.
The US, despite massive reassurance from US oil company executives, did peak in oil production in 1970! However, because of large discoveries in Alaska, US oil production did rise again peaking in 1985. Unfortunately, due to unfair royalty practices and bullying of Middle Eastern countries from the early 1940s until the late 1960s by US Oil companies, the establishment of OPEC occurred and nationalization of many countries petroleum industry occurred.
- Using
Illinois as an example, King showed graphically (drawn by hand) that any oil field(s) will go through a bell-shaped curve- later known as the Hubbert Peak Theory- with the peak occurring at the top of the curve.
Consequences
The US now imports over 60% of their oil The tapping of unconventional oil oilfields- such as oil sands, extremely heavy oil and oil shalehave temporarily offset the impending Peak Oil summit. The 2003 invasion of Iraq was directly the result of wanting to control Iraqi oil- not WMD or democracy! ** Young geologists (Yes- thats you!) must therefore learn how to properly explore for hydrocarbons while new technologies are being introduced to curb world dependence off oil.
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Payments
British Columbia
Disregarding the Peace River block, NE British Columbia uses the National Topographic System (NTS). In NTS, you have a Map Unit. This Map Unit is subdivided into 16 units (a-p). Each unit is then further subdivided into map unit subdivisions (1-16).
Ex) 94-B-9
Map Unit Map Unit subdivision
After reaching the map unit subdivision, it is further broken down into 12 blocks map sheets. Each Map Sheet is divided into a block which contains 100 units (10 x 10). Each unit is then broken down into 4 (a,b,c,d). Ex) b-20-E/93-P-8 b is the unit; 20 is the block and E is the Map sheet. 93-P is the Map unit and 8 is the Map Unit subdivision.
A Section is made up of 4 Quarter Sections. The Quarters in a Section are described as the North East (NE), North West (NW), South East (SE) and South West (SW) Quarters. Each Quarter Section
is approximately 160 square acres. Every Section is divided into 16 Legal Subdivisions (LSD) of approximately 40 acres (16 hectares) each. 4 Legal Subdivisions make up one-quarter section.
- An acre spacing refers to the total area (or diameter) from the origin. In the example, moving a well 160 acre spacing to the west would result in the circle being moved two LSDs to the left.