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Suspension

TEAM MEMBERS:-Gautam Gupta,Kamal Khurana

Contents

Front and Rear


Introduction Componentsts Of Suspension
Dependent Independent

McPhursun Strut Types Of Suspensions Double Wishbone

INTRODUCTION
The job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure the comfort of the passengers .

Apart from your car's tyres and seats, It also prevents your car from shaking itself to pieces.

The components of the suspension system perform six basic functions:


1. Maintain correct vehicle ride height 2. Reduce the effect of shock forces 3. Maintain correct wheel alignment 4. Support vehicle weight 5. Keep the tires in contact with the road 6. Control the vehicles direction of travel

Components Of Suspension
Springs

Antiroll Bars

Shock Absorbers

Springs
These come in three types. They are coil springs, torsion bars and leaf springs .
1. COIL SPRINGS - This is the most common type of spring and is, in essence, a heavy-duty torsion bar coiled around an axis. Coil springs compress and expand to absorb the motion of the wheels.

2.

LEAF SPRINGS - This type of spring consists of several layers of metal (called "leaves") bound together to act as a single unit.Leaf springs were first used on horse-drawn carriages and were found on most American automobiles until 1985. They are still used today on most trucks and heavy-duty vehicles.

3.

TORSION BARS - Torsion bars use the twisting properties of a steel bar to provide coil-spring-like performance. One end of a bar is anchored to the vehicle frame. The other end is attached to a wishbone, which acts like a lever that moves perpendicular to the torsion bar. When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the levering action, to the torsion bar. The torsion bar then twists along its axis to provide the spring force

Shock Absorber
A shock absorber is basically an oil pump placed between the frame of the car and the wheels. The upper mount of the shock connects to the frame (i.e., the sprung weight), while the lower mount connects to the axle, near the wheel (i.e., the unsprung weight). In a twin-tube design, one of the most common types of shock absorbers, the upper mount is connected to a piston rod, which in turn is connected to a piston, which in turn sits in a tube filled with hydraulic fluid. The inner tube is known as the pressure tube, and the outer tube is known as the reserve tube. The reserve tube stores excess hydraulic fluid. Shock absorbers work in two cycles -- the compression cycle and the extension cycle

Anti Roll Bars


Anti-roll bars do precisely what their name implies - they combat the roll of a car on it's suspension as it corners. The anti-roll bar is usually connected to the front, lower edge of the bottom suspension joint. It passes through two pivot points under the chassis, usually on the subframe and is attached to the same point on the opposite suspension setup. For example, if you're cornering to the left, the car body rolls to the right. In doing this, it's compressing the suspension on the right hand side. With a good anti-roll bar, as the lower part of the suspension moves upward relative to the car chassis, it transfers some of that movement to the same component on the other side.

Front Suspension Types


independent systems

Semi-independent systems

Front suspension - independent systems

So-named because the front wheel's suspension systems are independent of each other (except where joined by an antiroll bar) These came into existence around 1930 and have been in use in one form or another pretty much ever since then.

McPherson Strut

This transfers the load-bearing capability of the suspension almost entirely to the upper arm and the spring mounts.The lower arm in this instance becomes a control arm. This particular type of system isn't so popular in cars as it takes up a lot room.

Double wishbone
This is a type of double-A or double wishbone suspension. The wheel spindles are supported by an upper and lower 'A' shaped arm. In this type, the lower arm carries most of the load. If you look head on at this type of system, what you'll find is that it's a very parallelogram system that allows the spindles to travel vertically up and down. When they do this, they also have a slight side-to-side motion caused by the arc that the wishbones describe around their pivot points. This side-to-side motion is known as scrub. Unless the links are infinitely long the scrub motion is always present. There are two other types of motion of the wheel relative to the body when the suspension articulates. The first and most important is a toe angle (steer angle). The second and least important, but the one which produces most pub talk is the camber angle, or lean angle. Steer and camber are the ones which wear tyres.

Rear Suspension Types


dependent systems (linked)

independent system

Rear suspension - dependent systems

If a solid axle connects the rear wheels of a car, then the suspension is usually quite simple -- based either on a leaf spring or a coil spring.

Rear suspension - independent systems

If both the front and back suspensions are independent, then all of the wheels are mounted and sprung individually, resulting in what car advertisements tout as "fourwheel independent suspension."

Sources
Car bibles : http://www.carbibles.com/suspension_bible.htm l How stuff works : http://auto.howstuffworks.com/carsuspension.htm ^ Reza N. Jazar (2008). Vehicle Dynamics: Theory and Applications. Spring ^ Adams, William Bridges (1837). English Pleasure Carriages. London: Charles Knight & Co.

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