BLOCKWORK

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Group members ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: NUR FATIN AFIQAH MAKHTAR THIVYA RAMAN

INTRODUCTION OF BRICKS
Brickwork is masonry produced by brick layer , using bricks and mortar. Each row of bricks is known as a course are laid on top of one another to build up a structure such as a brick wall. The pattern of headers and stretchers employed gives rise to different bonds such as the common bond

Header A brick which is laid in a way that only the short end is visible in the wall

Stretcher A brick which is laid in a way that allows only the longer side of the brick to be exposed.

TYPES OF BRICK

Bata Tanah Liat - Bata Biasa - Bata Muka - Bata kejuruteraan Bata Pasir Kapur Bata Konkrit

Bata Biasa

Bata Kejuruteraan

Bata Pasir Kapur

Bata Konkrit

TYPES OF BRICKS BONDING

Stretcher Bond English Bond Flemish Bond Raking Bond English Garden Wall Bond Common / American Bond Flemish Garden Wall Bond Running Bond Herringbone Bond

FLEMISH BOND

Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in every course. Each header is placed centrally between the stretcher immediately above and below.

ENGLISH BOND
Alternative

courses of headers and stretchers; one header placed centrally above each stretcher. This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick (or thicker). One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.

STRETCHER BOND
Easiest

bond to lay & minimizes the amount of cutting

required Originally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2 brick walls it became the obvious choice for cavity walls as less cutting was required.

RAKING BOND
Herringbone

and diagonal bonds can be

effective within an exposed framed construction, or contained within restraining brick courses.

ENGLISH GARDEN WALL BOND

An

alternative version of English bond with header courses being inserted at every fourth or sixth course. This is a correspondingly weaker bond. Suitable for free standing wall.

COMMON/AMERICAN BOND

A brickwork pattern in which all rows are stretchers, except an eighth row of headers

FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BOND

In this variant of Flemish bond, one header is placed at every third stretcher

RUNNING BOND
Consist

of all stretchers No header used in this bond so metal ties are used Cavity wall construction & veneered walls of brick

HERRINGBONE BOND

It is a purely decorative bond. It is used in floor and wall panels

PROSES PENGHASILAN BATU BATA

METHOD OF STRENGTHENING BRICKS CONSTRUCTION

Damp proof Courses - Act as a barrier to the passage of moisture or water

between the parts separated by the DPC

- A damp-proof course is a horizontal barrier in a wall designed to prevent moisture rising through the structure.
- Movement of moisture or water may be upwards in the foundation of walls and ground floors, downwards in parapets and chimneys or horizontal where the cavity walls is closed at the jambs of openings

Dpc should be continuous for the whole length and thickness of the wall, 150 mm above finished ground level to avoid moisture from ground.

DEFINITION OF WALL

A wall is a vertical structure, usually solid, that defines and sometimes protects an area

MATERIAL FOR WALL BRICK

-Manufactured by firing molded clay or shale, bricks vary widely in color, texture, anddimensions.
-Despite these variations, they fall into four main categories: common or building, patio, fire, and facing. -For outdoor projects that must withstand moisture and freeze-thaw cycles, ask for SW (severe-weatheringgrade) bricks. -For indoor uses, such as facing a fireplace or a planter, you can use MW (moderate weathering) or NW (no weathering).

STONE
-Building

stone is divided into three basic types: rubble, flagstone, and ashlar -Rubble is composed of round rocks of various sizes. -Flagstone consists of flatpieces, 2 to 4 inches thick, of irregular shapes. -Ashlar, or dimensioned stone, is cut into pieces of uniform thickness for laying in coursed or noncoursed patterns.

MORTAR

-mortar

is a paste made of water, cement, lime, and sand

-Mortar by itself is not as strong as concrete, but it has strong adhesive properties.

LOAD-BEARING WALL

A load-bearing wall (or bearing wall) is a wall that bears a load resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.

DIFFERENT BETWEEN LOAD BEARING WALLS AND PARTTITION WALLS

CAVITY WALL

Merupakan dinding berongga; iaitu terdapat ruang antara dinding untuk penebatan haba yang lebih baik

Cavity wall mempunyai kadar penebatan haba dan cuaca yang lebih baik berbanding dinding yang dihasilkan daripada batu bata ataupun batu blok
Kebiasaannya, dinding jenis ini dibina pada bangunan domestik

ADVANTAGES

The cavity enhances the thermal insulation value of the wall and permits the installation of additional thermal insulation material The air space acts as a barrier against water penetration if the cavity is kept clear, and if adequate weep holes and flashing are provided

Cavity Wall

WALL THICKNESS

The thickness specified for a wall is determined by such factors as damp proofing considerations, whether or not the wall has a cavity, load-bearing requirements, and expense Wall thickness specification has proven considerably various, and while some nonload-bearing brick walls may be as little as half a brick thick, others brick walls will be much thicker.

MINIMUM WALL THICKNESS

8 (205) minimum nominal wall thickness for = -mansory bearing walls -mansory shear walls

-mansory parapets; height of parapet not to exceed 3 x parapet thickness

6(150) minimum nominal thickness for = -reinforced mansory bearing walls

-solid mansory walls in one story building not more than 9(2745)high
-mansory walls relled upon for resistance to lateral loading are limited to 35(10m)high

..

THE END

TQ FOR
LISTENING..

REFRENCES :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-bearing_wall

http://www.google.com.my/search?q=WALL%20THICKNESS&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv. 50952593,d.bmk,pv.xjs.s.en_US.5T6bx5-0vDE.O&biw=1366&bih=600&noj=1&ie=UTF8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=iw&ei=ebUUUpPJHs_OrQec7IHYAw
http://www.google.com.my/#fp=d615ba81c1af0d13&psj=1&q=powerpoint+of+cavity+wall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall
Building Construction illustrated fourth edition Francis D.K. Ching