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NEW COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES

PRESENTER
HAZWANI HARUN NADZIRAH ZAKARIA NOR ASYIKIN ABDUL NURUL ADILLAH JUMADDI SYAHIDA MOHD NAZRI 2011430594 2011648244 2011467282 2011853372 2011868516

Rooted in 19th Century Wire transmission technologies Telegraph (1820s) Telephone (1870s)

Inventor of radio Transmitted telegraphic dots and dashes without the use of wires in the 1890s Adopted by maritime industry: ship-ship, ship-shore communication
Guglielmo Marconi

Early 20th century, tremendous advances allowed voice and music to be transmitted without wires 1920 first radio station began operation
Radio networks nationallydelivered programs increase in receiver sales

1940s, TV

listening patterns changed, shorter periods

stations switched to local programming

music & burst of news and info

20th century distinct radio transmissions bands Amplitude Modulation (AM) Transmission for first radio Far-reaching but prone to electrical interference and limitations of fidelity Frequency Modulation (FM) Developed 1930s & 1940s Provides superior-sounding service but limited in range Better suited to music format radio

1950s & 1960s

increased use of stereophonic systems

more FM stereo broadcast

1980s & 1990s

AM broadcast transform from monaural to stereo transmission

4 levels of adoption for a new service;


1 2 3 4 Approval by a governing body Acceptance by broadcast station Consent from the consumer electronics industry to design and market a new technology Adoption by the mass buying public

Three basic categories that cover todays technological trends :


Enhancements (Extending the AM Band in order to

improve present-day, on-air transmission.)


Supplement (To provide new services within the current radio system.)

New delivery modes to develop new transmission services


incompatible to current radio.

Enhancements Extending the AM Band AM broadcasters have been given some temporary solution to improve their service.

In 1996 , FCC moved 83 stations from crowded


frequencies on the AM dial (between 535 MHz and 1,605) to the expanded portion of the band between 1,605 MHz and 1,705 MHz.

Supplement - RDS
FM broadcasters can utilize sidebands of their transmission signal to feed additional services to specially equipped receivers. The latest use of sidebands is for data delivery, known as the Radio Data System (RDS) or Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS). Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) is the official name used

for the U.S version of RDS .


RDS transmits information to specially-equipped receivers, sometimes called smart radios. (Ammons, 1995)

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In order to stimulate interest on the part of broadcaster, the Electronic Industry Association offered to share the cost of buying transmission equipment with stations in the top 25 U.S market if the station committed itself to the use and promotion of RDS services. For the technology to succeed with a critical mass of adopters, the price of the equipment must continue downward, and services will have to increase.

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New Delivery Modes - Internet A number of these stations also provide audio samples of their broadcast or simulcast their service

on the internet.
Full-service Web-stations use applications such as Real Audio or Microsofts Active Movie Streaming (ASF) to transmit their service 24 hours a day.

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Digital Audio Broadcasting Referred to as Digital Audio Radio & Digital Sound Broadcasting. Terrestrial DAB Three types:
In-band on-channel (IBOC) In-band adjacent channel (IBAC) Out of band

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1992- FCC also eased its duopoly rule

The rule changes help radio return to profitability (economics were so robust market value of radio related stocks increased 85% in 1996)

1996- FCC relaxed limitations on the no. of stations an entity could own in a single market.

As a result, radio ownership groups will continue to buy more stations, and consolidation in industry will rapidly increase.

1996 (first quarter)- radio transaction was amounted to more than $2b compared to $800 in 1995

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The years 1996 1997: Key Test Periods for radio technology . The FCC select which digital audio broadcasting systems

will be used for transmission in the US (before 1996).


When the standardization takes place, the industry should have a clearer vision (in the 21st century).

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THE END THANK YOU

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