Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PRESENTER
HAZWANI HARUN NADZIRAH ZAKARIA NOR ASYIKIN ABDUL NURUL ADILLAH JUMADDI SYAHIDA MOHD NAZRI 2011430594 2011648244 2011467282 2011853372 2011868516
Rooted in 19th Century Wire transmission technologies Telegraph (1820s) Telephone (1870s)
Inventor of radio Transmitted telegraphic dots and dashes without the use of wires in the 1890s Adopted by maritime industry: ship-ship, ship-shore communication
Guglielmo Marconi
Early 20th century, tremendous advances allowed voice and music to be transmitted without wires 1920 first radio station began operation
Radio networks nationallydelivered programs increase in receiver sales
1940s, TV
20th century distinct radio transmissions bands Amplitude Modulation (AM) Transmission for first radio Far-reaching but prone to electrical interference and limitations of fidelity Frequency Modulation (FM) Developed 1930s & 1940s Provides superior-sounding service but limited in range Better suited to music format radio
Enhancements Extending the AM Band AM broadcasters have been given some temporary solution to improve their service.
Supplement - RDS
FM broadcasters can utilize sidebands of their transmission signal to feed additional services to specially equipped receivers. The latest use of sidebands is for data delivery, known as the Radio Data System (RDS) or Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS). Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) is the official name used
10
In order to stimulate interest on the part of broadcaster, the Electronic Industry Association offered to share the cost of buying transmission equipment with stations in the top 25 U.S market if the station committed itself to the use and promotion of RDS services. For the technology to succeed with a critical mass of adopters, the price of the equipment must continue downward, and services will have to increase.
11
New Delivery Modes - Internet A number of these stations also provide audio samples of their broadcast or simulcast their service
on the internet.
Full-service Web-stations use applications such as Real Audio or Microsofts Active Movie Streaming (ASF) to transmit their service 24 hours a day.
12
Digital Audio Broadcasting Referred to as Digital Audio Radio & Digital Sound Broadcasting. Terrestrial DAB Three types:
In-band on-channel (IBOC) In-band adjacent channel (IBAC) Out of band
13
The rule changes help radio return to profitability (economics were so robust market value of radio related stocks increased 85% in 1996)
1996- FCC relaxed limitations on the no. of stations an entity could own in a single market.
As a result, radio ownership groups will continue to buy more stations, and consolidation in industry will rapidly increase.
1996 (first quarter)- radio transaction was amounted to more than $2b compared to $800 in 1995
14
The years 1996 1997: Key Test Periods for radio technology . The FCC select which digital audio broadcasting systems
15