SMS BASED CANAL PIPELINE WATER MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION
The advancement in technology is growing day by day exponentially. Any field is not away from it and to be modernized. Water management is also similar field. In this project we are trying to solve the problem of water level. There shall be a gsm modem attached at the door of water flower, whenever there is need to increase or decrease the level of water, the manager has to send a sms and the gate will be opened accordingly. If there is need to increase the level of water, we can do, decrease the level then also we can do by two different sms. The overall operation can be described with the help of following block diagram.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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WORKING

The idea behind this project is to use the existing GSM infrastructure. So, all the operations involve the gsm system also. As we send any sms, it goes through the gsm system. Any sent sms can be received if we use a SIM card and gsm module. To operate any gsm modem, we have to use the AT commands to operate them. For example, if any sms arrives the gsm modem sends the serial data in ASCII format. We can read these data if we connect the modem with the serial port of the microcontroller at the baud rate of 9600. As the microcontroller comes to know that a sms has been arrived, it can sent a proper AT command to read the sms. The reading of sms returns the mobile no of sender, the time and much more information. We have to select the sms part of the message. The starting string of the sms is used as the password. As the password is matched, then the sms arrival is assumed to be valid by the microcontroller otherwise, it ignores the sms. Here the starting character is the # and terminating character is *. To control the water supply, here we have user three water pumps. We can turn on/off any pump by sending a proper sms hence we can always control the water level of canal. Additionally we can read the water level also by sending a proper sms to the system.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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PCB LAYOUT1

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PCB

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COMPONENTS

LCD MICROCONTROLLER BRIDGE RECTIFIER RELAY ULN2803 7805 IC

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ARDUINO COMPILER
The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming environment. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processingbased integrated development environment The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library although users only need define two functions to make a run-able program:

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ARDUINO COMPILER
setup () a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings loop() a function called repeatedly until the board powers off

The Arduino development environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus. Software written using Arduino is called sketches. It has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text.

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ARDUINO COMPILER

The message area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino environment including complete error messages and other information
MENU BAR BUTTON TOOLBAR

EDITOR

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ATMEGA168

This is digital as well as analog controller . This controller can handle input /output of following type.
INPUT Digital input Analog input OUTPUT Digital output Analog output

Digital input Analog input

Analog output Digital output

4K/8K/16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities 256/512/512 bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K bytes SRAM
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ATMEGA168
23 general purpose I/O lines A 6-channel 10-bit ADC (analog input) 6 output PWM channels(analog output) A serial programmable USART This allows very fast start-up combined with low power consumption

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ATMEGA168
Pin mapping: It is 28 pin DIP IC Requires 16 MHz crystal oscillator AREF is to adjust resolution for analog monitoring Other pins are configured as per the need of circuit interface

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DIODE BRIDGE
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier

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LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Is an electronic display module. 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. Has two registers namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

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LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

Need only 6 pins to interface an LCD. D4-D7 is the data pins connection and Enable and Register select are for LCD control pins. We are not using Read/Write (RW) Pin of the LCD, as we are only writing on the LCD so we have made it grounded permanently. If you want to use it, then you may connect it on your controller but that will only increase another pin and does not make any big difference. Potentiometer RV1 is used to control the LCD contrast. The unwanted data pins of LCD i.e. D0-D3 are connected to ground

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LCD

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EXPRESS PCB
A PCB layout is required to place components on the PCB so that the component area can be minimized and the components can be placed in an efficient manner. There are various softwares available for this purpose like

Express PCB Pad2pad Protel PCB PCB design etc.

Express PCB is a very easy to use Windows application for laying out printed circuit boards There are lots of functions available in the software. This software is free of cost and also it is very easy to use

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PCB DESIGNING
A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a nonconductive substrate. PCB board design defines the electrical pathways between components. It is derived from a schematic representation of the circuit. When it is derived, or imported from a schematic design, it translates the schematic symbols and libraries into physical components and connection

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PCB DESIGNING

Steps of PCB designing

PROCESSING CLEANSING PRINTING ETCHING DRILLING COMPONENT MOUNTING SOLDERING MASKING

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RELAY
Relays are electromechanical switches. Relays have two circuits: A control circuit (shown in GREEN) and a load circuit (shown in RED). The control circuit has small control coil while the load circuit has a switch. The coil controls the operation of the switch.

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RELAY

Relay energized (ON): Current flowing through the control circuit coil (pins1 & 3) creates a small magnetic field which causes the switch to close, pins 2 & 4. The switch, which is a part of the load circuit, is used to control an electrical circuit that may connect to it. Current now flows through pins 2 & 4 shown in Red, when the relay in energized.

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RELAY

Relay De-energized (OFF): When current stops flowing through the control circuit, pins 1 & 3, the relay becomes de-energized. Without the magnetic field, the switch opens and current is prevented from flowing through pins 2 & 4. The relay is now off.

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RELAY DRIVER
The eight NPN Darlington connected transistors in this family of arrays are ideally suited for interfacing between low logic level digital circuitry (such as TTL, CMOS or PMOS/NMOS) and the higher current/voltage requirements of lamps, relays, printer hammers or other similar loads. The major advantage of using this IC is that it can fulfill the need for high voltage and high current also. This is enabled through a low voltage and low current source to give high voltage and high current output.

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CAPACITORS
To store electricity, or electrical energy. Also functions as filter, passing AC, and blocking DC. Apply DC voltage- electric charge is stored on each electrode. Three types of capacitor i.e. ceramic capacitor & electrolytic capacitor and variable. Polarized capacitors - Electrolytic Un-Polarized capacitors ceramic Variable capacitors

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CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them were called "crystal oscillators".

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A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces electrical oscillations at a particular designed frequency determined by the physical characteristics of one or more crystals, generally of quartz, positioned in the circuit feedback loop A piezoelectric effect causes a crystal such as quartz to vibrate and resonate at a particular frequency

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RESISTOR
A resistor is a device found in circuits that has a certain amount of resistance. Why would you ever want to add resistance to a circuit by using a resistor? The most common reason is that we need to be able to adjust the current flowing through a particular part of the circuit. If voltage is constant, then we can change the resistor to change the current. I=V /R If V is constant and we change R, I will be different. So for a constant voltage it limits the current

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7805 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed voltage (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages For ICs within the 78xx family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts)

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