Buddhism

TU 140 March 30, 2012

Table of Contents
Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism Buddha's biography Ordination Process Buddhist Beliefs Buddhist Influences Buddhist Literature Karma Buddhist celebration days Position of women Buddha images Bibliography Group Name & ID

Mahayana
Also known as The Great Vehicle Emerged between 100B.C.E and 100C.E Accepts text canonical text from Theravada (lesser vehicle) Postpone nirvana to assist and guide beings inside samsara

Theravada
Also called Doctrine of Elders Emerged between 200B.C.E and 500C.E One of the 3 major sects of Buddhism Founded on the distinction between samsara and nirvana Goal is to release from samsara and enter nirvana

Theravada and Mahayana Similarities and Differences

Accept Buddha as the Teacher Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are same Rejected the idea of a supreme being who created and governed this world. Mahayana has created many mystical Bodhisattvas

Theravada considers a Bodhisattva as a man who devotes himself to become a fully Enlightened Buddha
Theravada is selfish because it teaches for self to reach nirvana

Buddhas Biography
Real Name: Siddhrtha Gautama Buddha Lifetime: 563 B.C. to 483 B.C. Death between 486 and 483 BCE or 411 and 400 BCE Birthplace: Lumbini, Nepal Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh Kapileswara, Orissa

Buddhas Biography Traditional Biographies

Different & Inconsistent E.g. Buddhacarita Lalitavistara Stra Mahvastu Nidnakath (from Theravada) May not be correct

Buddhas Biography Birth

Father: King uddhodana (the leader of Shakya clan) Mother: Queen Maha Maya White elephant vision Asita (famous seer) great king (chakravartin) or a great holy man

Buddhas Biography Early Life and Marriage

Young Siddartha shielded from Religion and suffering Arranged marriage Yaodhar Son Rahula. 29 years as a prince unsatisfied. Leaves the palace sees the real life Break from wife, palace, kingdom Middle Way

Buddhas Biography Enlightenment & Death

Enlightenment 49 days of meditation. Four Noble Truths insight & steps Teacher 45 years Last travel Transfers knowledge and wisdom to Mahakashyapa Death todays Indian Province Uttar Pradesh

Ordination Process: Day 1

To make merit for oneself & family

Day 1 begins with: Wash parents feet Shave head & eyebrows symbol

Ordination Process: Day 2

Parade Saffron Robe Blessing Family presents gifts Parents serve food Photographs
Females respectful distance

Buddhist Beliefs Three Principles of Existence

Dukkha Suffering
difficulties we experience in life

Anicca Impermanence
everything ends

Anetta Not-Self
no true self/soul many different (temporary) conditions

Buddhist Beliefs The Four Noble Truths

1) Dukkha happens 2) Dukkha has a cause 3) End of dukkha 4) Eight-fold path

Buddhist Beliefs Eight-fold path (Ariya-Magga)

1) Proper Understanding four noble truths 2) Proper Thought Renunciation, Lovingkindness, harmlessness 3) Proper Speech no lying, no malicious or abusive speech, no idle chatter 4) Proper Action no killing, stealing or sexual misconduct

Buddhist Beliefs Eight-fold path (Ariya-Magga)

5) Proper Livelihood abstain from dishonest/harmful means 6) Proper Effort Developing oneself 7) Proper Mindfulness the four foundations of mindfulness 8) Proper Concentration the four form Jhanas

Buddhist Influences
Spiritual teachers available
guidance, teaching asceticism, meditation, and yogic practices

Rulers built temples, schools, monasteries, etc. Monks Education

Buddhist Literature
Formulated and transmitted by oral tradition Parts :
Pitakas (baskets) Vinaya or monastic rules Sutra (Pali Sutta ) Discourses of the Buddha Abhidharma (Pali Abhidhamma ) Scholastic metaphysics Jataka stories previous births non-Buddhist in origin

Complete Indian version at Sri Lankan Theravada school Its most recent edition, the Taisho Daizokyo

Karma
Cycle of cause and effect what person has done, does and will do Past and future life Everybody responsible for own karma Physical, mental, spiritual

Karma Thoughts Helping others Compassion & Mindfulness Leads to happiness and freedom Yoga eliminates negative karma

Buddhist Celebration Days Dharma Day

Beginning of Buddha's teaching Enlightenment share experience with followers

Celebration of the start of the Buddhist religion

Buddhist Celebration Days Shaving Day

5 rules : Abstention from causing death taking whats not given unlawful sexual intercourse harmful speech consuming alcohol Day of full moon Pray & provide for monks

Position of Women
Illegal for a male senior monk to ordain a woman Tradition in Thailand was never established Efforts met with resistance Lay followers, making rituals, or by helping in the temple

Women attempting to ordain denounced by clerical hierarchy

Position of Women
Mae Ji between ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk.
No Prestige/ Privileges Live in communities/temple grounds Tasks and humble service

Dvaravati Buddha image: Type 1

Heavily influenced by Indian art Seated/Legs loosely folded/leaning pose

Dvaravati Buddha image: Type 2

More influenced by local styles Standing Buddha are mainly Standing straight and Performing the preaching pose

Dvaravati Buddha image: Type 3

Khmer influences Seated with legs fully folded, resting on a carved lotus base

Sukhothai Buddha Image

Idea of idealistic & superhuman characteristics, unique & beautiful

Major group
Seated in Maravijaya position on a plain base

Kamphaengphet group
Similar to major group but broader upper face & pointed chin

Sukhothai Buddha Image

Phra Phuttachinarat group
Similar to major group but torso plump, face rounded, fingers same length

Wat Ta Kuan group

Similar to early Chiangsaen period Mahavijaya posture, seated crossed legs & soles of both feet showing

Bibliography

Avalon Consulting, LLC. "Mahayana Buddhism." Origins, History, Beliefs. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.patheos.com/Library/Mahayana-Buddhism.html>. Avalon Consulting, LLC. "Theravada Buddhism." Origins, History, Beliefs. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.patheos.com/Library/Theravada-Buddhism.html>. Rahula, Walpola. "Theravada - Mahayana Buddhism." Cha Diu Php. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. <http://www.chuadieuphap.us/English_Section/essays/rahula_theravada_maha yana.asp>. http://www.thaibuddhism.net/principles.htm http://www.insightmeditationcenter.org/articles/DharmaLists.pdf http://www.dhammathai.org/day/buddhismday.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand#Position_of_women http://www.thaibhikkhunis.org/eng/index.php?option=com_content&task=blog section&id=1&Itemid=3 http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/buddhist-art/flash/thaiartflash.html M. Cummings, Lives of the Buddha in the Art and Literature of Asia (1982)

Group Name & ID

Christian Passow Eui Young Cha Ilmi Ali Madi Myat Pan Markus Schadl Natthamon Wongchaisri Pattarapol Muanthom Siravich Wattanawanichkanon Sirpa Knnen Soranart Ngamcachonkulkid 5422808221 5422800581 5422808395 5422800664 5422048033 5422800540 5422772038 5422800623 5422808379 5422800656