DPHOT

Understanding Light ,Lenses F Numbers and Aperture Part Two

Camera Lens

Lens

Focal length and Perspective

So what can you see ? The longer the focal length the more jumps the church (background object) towards the lamp - the perspective gets COMPRESSED. On the other hand the wide and especially the ultra-wide angle setting moves it away thus creating DEPTH. The 50mm setting represents the perspective as you can see it with your naked eye.

Understanding How To Use Exposure

Automatic Verses Manual

Snapper verses Photographer

Think !

What are you trying to achieve ?

DEPTH OF FIELD
Depth of field is the range of distance around the focal plane which is acceptably sharp. The depth of field varies depending on camera type, aperture and focusing distance

f 2.8

f 22

f/8.0

f/5.6

f/2.8

Last Week - Test

a: 1/ 1000 sec

b: 1/ 15 sec

f 1.8 f 22

Exposure
Fast Exposure Widest Aperture Smallest aperture Largest depth of field Smallest depth of field

a:
b:

1/ 1000 sec 1/ 15 sec

f 1.8 f 22

Fast Exposure Widest Aperture Smallest aperture Largest depth of field Smallest depth of field

a: 1/ 1000 sec b: 1/ 15 sec

f 1.8 f 22

Exposure Manipulation
Key ingredient : to the Skill of a photographer

LEARN

Exposure Calculator

Camera Shake

How Do I Know the Depth of Field

Some DSLR cameras have a depth of field preview button

There are several situations where controlling depth of field is important. The most common is portrait photography.

By increasing the aperture to f5.6, we can make sure that only the subject is in focus. A blurred background is much less distracting, and the distance between the subject and the background is far more apparent.

Digital Vari-Programs (Creative) are exposure modes tailored to specific situations and scenes. They are designed to automatically set the camera's f/stop, shutter speed and, often, auto flash, to produce a balanced exposure of the subject.

Film ISO
In traditional (film) photography ISO (ASA or DIN) was the indication of how sensitive a film was to light. It was measured in numbers (youve probably seen them on films 100, 200, 400, 800 etc). The lower the number the lower the sensitivity of the film and the finer the grain in the shots youre taking 100 - Longer exposure required 800 Shorter the exposure

Film Cameras & ISO

Digital Photography
ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds (for example an indoor sports event when you want to freeze the action in lower light) however the cost is noisier shots.

What ISO?

100 ISO

800 ISO

Situations where you might need to push ISO to higher settings include:

Indoor Sports Events where your subject is moving

fast yet you may have limited light available. Concerts also low in light and often no-flash zones Art Galleries, Churches etc- many galleries have rules against using a flash and of course being indoors are not well lit. Birthday Parties blowing out the candles in a dark room can give you a nice moody shot which would be ruined by a bright flash. Increasing the ISO can help capture the scene

ISO 800

ISO 1600

ISO 3200

Sensor / Film Speed

COLOUR TEMPERATURE Any light source (the sun, a light bulb) produces its own particular Colour Temperature. Since our eyes are so adaptable, the idea of Colour Temperature can be somewhat confusing. Our eyes have the amazing ability to adjust the colour of any particular light source, such that a white piece of paper illuminated by any single light source will automatically appear white.

Auto White Balance Custom

Kelvin Tungsten Fluorescent

Daylight Cloudy Flash Shade

White Balance
most digital cameras contain a variety of preset white balances, so you do not have to deal with colour temperature during the critical shot. Commonly used symbols for each of these are.
Auto White Balance
Custom Kelvin Tungsten Fluorescent Daylight Cloudy Flash Shade

The first three white balances allow for a range of colour temperatures. Auto white balance is available in all digital cameras and uses a best guess algorithm within a limited range-- usually between 3000/4000 K and 7000 K. Custom white balance allows you to take a picture of a known grey reference under the same lighting, and then set that as the white balance for future photos. "Kelvin" you can set the colour temperature over a broad range.

Auto White Balance

Custom Kelvin Tungsten Fluorescent Daylight Cloudy Flash Shade

The remaining six white balances are listed in order of increasing colour temperature many compact cameras do not include a shade white balance. Some cameras also include a "Fluorescent H" setting, which is designed to work in newer daylightcalibrated fluorescents.

Auto White Balance

Custom Kelvin Tungsten Fluorescent Daylight Cloudy Flash Shade

Performing WB in traditional film photography requires attaching a different cast-removing filter for each lighting condition With digital this is no longer required

Image Stabilization
Higher-end binoculars and zoom or telephoto lenses for SLR cameras often come with image stabilization. It is also available in digital video cameras with large zooms. Digital cameras with large zoom lenses also come with image stabilization or variants such as anti-shake

How the Optical Shift Image Stabilizer Works

Canon Image Stabilizer

Image stabilization helps to steady the image projected back into the camera Canon EF SLR lenses with image stabilization have a IS suffix after their name, Nikon uses the VR "Vibration Reduction" suffix on their image stabilised Nikkor lenses.

Typically, image stabilization can help you take handheld shots almost two stops slower than with image stabilization off. For example if you would require a shutterspeed of 1/500s to shoot a particular scene, you should be able to shoot at only 1/125s (4 times slower) with image stabilization.

Anti-shake
Another approach to image stabilization make the CCD move so that it compensates for the camera movement The sensor is mounted onto a platform which moves in the opposite way as the movement of the camera, which is determined by motion detectors. this "anti-shake" system gives you an additional 3 stops.

anti-shake

Exposure Calculator Sensor / Film Speed Camera Shake