HARDWARE

HARDWARE

The tangible parts of a computer system. All the physical electronic component of a computer system, including peripherals, printed circuit boards (PCB), and input/output devices

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing is a technique of collecting, manipulating, and distributing data to achieve certain functions.

Its objective is to convert raw data into information that can be used in decision making

DATA PROCESSING

DATA
The

word data is the plural of word datum, which means fact, observations, assumptions or occurrence

INFORMATION
can

be defined as data that has been transformed into something useful

DATA PROCESSING

DATA
TRANSFORMATI ON PROCESS

INFORMATI ON

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

INPUT

refers to the activities required to record data and to make it available for processing. denotes the actual data manipulation techniques such as calculating, summarizing, comparing, etc. that converts data into information

PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

OUTPUT

a communication function which transmits the information to persons who needs the information it involves the filing of data and information for future usage.

STORAGE

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

SYSTEM
A

collection of objects, procedures, or techniques that interact in a regulated manner to form an organized whole. may be composed of smaller assemblages of parts known as a subsystem

Systems

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

In a computer system, it is commonly composed of the following:

Central

Processing Unit (CPU)

Input

/ Output (I / O)

Memory

COMPUTER SYSTEMS
INPUT

CENTRAL PROCESSIN G UNIT

OUTPUT

MEMORY

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

It is the heart of the computer system. It is the hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

According to the Von Neumann Architecture or the Princeton Architecture, the CPU is composed of three units:
1.

CONTROL UNIT (CU)

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) PRIMARY MEMORY

2.

3.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CONTROL UNIT (CU)

Maintains
It

order and controls activity in the CPU.

fetches the codes of all the instructions in the program. directs the operations of other units by providing timing and control signals.

It

All It

computer resources are managed by this unit.

directs the flow of data between the CPU and other devices

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)

It is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic computations and logical operations.

PRIMARY MEMORY UNIT

Holds instructions, data, and intermediate and final results. It is reusable, fast storage medium, directly accessible by the control unit. Each storage cell is capable of storing one bit of data.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Control Unit (CU)

Primary Memory Unit

INPUT / OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM

it provides the mechanism for communications between CPU and the outside world.

The input subsystem of a computer reads data and converts into electronic pulses, then transmits it through wires to CPU

INPUT / OUTPUT SUBSYSTEM

The output subsystem reports the results of processing by the CPU.

Output

is an essential processing cycle.

step

in

the

data

Its

function is to convert the electronic pulses from the CPU into useful information.

MEMORY SUBSYSTEM

It is also known as the secondary storage. It is used for an extra storage, exceeding the CPUs primary storage. It is an efficient and compact means of storing large amount of data, that is ready for retrieval or further processing.

INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS

INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS

An input device is any peripheral used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system like a computer.

An output device is any peripheral used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer that converts electronically generated information into human readable form.

INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS

Common I / O Peripherals
Keyboards

(mechanical and keypads) Pointing devices (mouse, trackballs, touch pads) Display devices (monitors and televisions) Printing devices (printers, plotters) Audio / Video devices(cameras, microphones, speakers) Other I/O devices (drivers, modems, scanners)

STORAGE COMPONENTS

STORAGE COMPONENTS

MEMORY
Read

Only Memory (ROM)

Access Memory (RAM) ROM

Random

Programmable

Erasable

PROM

Virtual

Memory