Reproductive Biotechnologies for Endangered Mammalian Species

by : Chalissa Nuruzzulfa Nadya Veronica Margarechaesa Anindita Rahma Dian Quratu Ayunisa Rizha Hardyansyah Dosen Pengampu : Dr. Dra. Sri Rahayu, Mkes.

Introduction
Extinction
Caused by

Habitat destruction, over hunting, competition solution

Mantain Biodiversity

aim

ART (Assisted Reproductive Techniques) and Conservation

Conservation
Habitat Preservation : 1. In situ conservation Live population of animals in their adaptive environments 2. Ex situ conservation Outside its natural environment (realocating)

ART (Assisted Reproductive Techniques)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Gamete Cryopreservation Artificial Insemination In Vitro Fertilization Genome Resources Banking Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Nuclear Transfer Transfer Embryo

Gamete Cryopreservation
The ability to freeze and thaw with retention of viability. Frozen tissue can be stored indefinitely in liquid nitrogen at -196C. It stops temporary the motabolic process without kill the cell.

Process
collecting gamete transfer to vial/straw
Cooling until 800c

storage

cryoprotectant

cooling in liquid nitrogen storage (-1960c)

Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination is a means of attaining pregnancy not involving sexual intercourse. It deliberates introduction of semen into females vagina or oviduct for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through fertilisation.

Process
observing woman menstrual cycle

sperm collected

sperm washed

sperm injection

ovulation

In Vitro Fertilization
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process by which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body. The term in vitro, from the Latin meaning in glass, is used, because early biological experiments involving cultivation of tissues outside the living organism from which they came, were carried out in glass containers such as beakers, test tubes, or petri dishes. Today, the term in vitro is used to refer to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism it would normally be occurring.

Process
Stimulating ovulation Removing ovum from ovary

Insemination

Embryo Transfer

Embryo Culture

Genome Resources Banking

Genome resource banking (GRB) is defined as the storage of gametes and embryos from threatened populations with a deliberate intention to use them in a breeding program at some future occasion. Genetic material from rare and endangered species can be collected and preserved indefinitely in liquid nitrogen (-196C). These genetic samples can provide 'insurance' for the future against catastrophic events and can potentially be a resource allowing reintroduction of genes into a population via artificial insemination or embryo transfer.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg in order to fertilise it. The fertilised egg (embryo) is then transferred to the womans womb. The major development of ICSI means that as long as some sperm can be obtained (even in very low numbers), fertilisation is possible.

Nuclear Transfer
Nuclear transfer is the technique currently used in the cloning. The parental nucleus were replaced by the new one from the donor nucleus to produce the duplicate of donor.

Process
Removing ovum from ovary Remove the nucleus

Implantation

Replace with donor nucleus

Embryo Transfer
Superior mother produce high quality of zygot, than implanted it in to another mother. It allows a high production number of the children with a high quality.

Thank You