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Sustainable Transportation Motorization Modal Share Effects on Mobility Effects on Safety Research Issues
Sustainability?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Develop
better
transportation
systems,
options, and expectations consistent with the objective of securing future social and
Management)
Sustainable Transport
Sustainable Transport
Important from the perspective of climate change (to improve carbon footprint / ecological footprint etc.)
TABLE - The ecological footprint of transport in Merseyside (Barrett and Scott 2003) EF (ha per 1000 Mode Car Air Total passenger km 11 999 607 600 1 010 169 379 passenger km) 0.0587 0.0504 Total EF 704 260 50 882 EF per capita (m2) 4 998 361
transportation is the greatest individual contributor of CO2 emissions (26%) in the average American household
(Froehlich et al. 2009)
Bus
Train Taxi Motorcycle Bicycle
0.0430
0.0208 0.0680 0.0365 0.0017
30 843
6 971 7 709 2 482 145
219
49 55 18 1
Motorization
Vehicular Growth
LCV
Car, SUV Grand Total
2.4
6.2 49.1
3.2
8.8 63.9
5.7
18.0
12.5
41.6
26.9
80.1
Indias fuel consumption in 2035 will be over six times that in 2005
Source Lohia (2008), Urban Transport in India, MTTBR-08, IIT Guwahati, India.
Expected increase of Car and SUVs is 13 times and 2W is 6.6 times from 2005 to 2035
Modal Share
Goals of Transportation
Effects on Mobility
Effects on Safety
Road Accidents
Table: Road Accidents Involving Injury - 1980-2004 (in thousand) Germany 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 412.7 389.4 382.9 375.3 362 354.5 Sweden 15.2 17 15.8 15.8 16.9 18.4 Great Britain 257.3 265.6 233.7 229 221.7 220.1 Denmark 12.3 9.2 7.3 6.9 7.1 6.7 India
2004
339.3
18
213
6.2
Source: Data retrieved from European Union Road Federation: European Road Statistics 2007.
Road Accidents
High Volume
Low priority
NMT
High Priority
Low Volume
Low Volume
High Priority
Low priority
NMT
High Volume
Gaps Identified
State Transport Policy Document Pedestrian Policy Document Parking Policy Document Creation of BMLTA (UMTA) Traffic management Center at Bangalore, use of geo-informatics. etc..
Is it really enough?
No
Research Issues
Bottom-up approach Identification and analysis of comprehensive set of transport problems Potential solutions to the problems are assessed in isolation as well as combination using detail transport model Combination which best solves the problems is taken as preferred startegy Top-down approach The starting point is a set of goals and objectives
Reflecting the impact of changing land use and /or control policies, slum development etc. on transportation and vice versa.
Assessing the required land-use control considering the holding capacity of transport infrastructure.
Stated response surveys how to facilitate use of complex choice scenarios for more reliable behavioral models and more accurate response forecasting. Exploring possibilities of considering environmental and social cost as part of the planning process rather than during post-planning impact assessment. Activity based modelling still to be attempted in India? Better data collection techniques involving technology for credible and accurate travel and household data (position, route, distance/time).
More realistic assignment of trips to rail and bus networks taking into account the condition in trains, variations in bus speeds and frequency due to changes in overall traffic volume and fares;
Orienting transport planning to address the climate change issues.
To introduce carbon footprint or ecological footprint as a planning parameter.
Need for Systems approach in public transportation planning (address O-D travel time effectively, include all modes) Inter-modal integration operational, physical, institutional. Need to develop integrated approach for corridor identification
Route and schedule rationalization. Practically no use of optimization (awareness, better understanding of parameters). Which optimization tool is effective and credible to use?
Better understanding of requirements from optimality in routing and scheduling (global optimum, local optimum, set of pareto optimal solutions).
Need to research and define the role of NMT (access only or main mode) in overall mobility). Accordingly, the focus of planning and policy guidelines need to change, to provide seamless travel using NMT.
Ways to quantify the impacts of driver attributes, education, and behaviour on road safety and mobility. Suggest improvements. Assessing Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) and effective traffic law enforcement as a measure for improving road safety
Effective micro-simulation tools for modelling heterogeneous and non-lane based traffic. What is good for Indian traffic? Non-lane based or lane based traffic. Understanding the impact of traffic demand management measures such as parking fees, road user charges and congestion pricing,. Right ITS measures and tools for Traffic control on NH and SH? Traffic management strategies during post-disaster scenario?