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Archimedes Principle
Law: A body floating or submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the water it displaces
Archimedes Principle
Ship sinks until weight of water displaced by the underwater volume is less to the weight of the ship.
Forces of gravity: Forces of buoyancy: G = mshipg =Wship B = rwaterVdisplaced
Wship = rwaterVdisplaced
Hydrostatics Terminology
Moments
Depending on location of G and B, two types of moments:
Righting moment: tends to return ship to upright position Upsetting moment: tends to overturn ship
Metacenter
Define as the intersection of two successive lines of action of the force of buoyancy as ship heels through small angles (M)
If angle too large, M moves off centerline
Metacentric height
Ships Metacentric height is define as distance from center of gravity (G) to the metacenter is known as the ships METACENTRIC HEIGHT(GM)
Metacenter
Relationship between G and M
G under M: ship is stable G = M: ship neutral G over M: ship unstable
STABLE
UNSTABLE
Anti-heeling systems
Immediate response with unlimited start/stop frequency Allows safer, more rapid loading and unloading Shortens harbour time, saving port dues Reduces damage to ramps, rolling cargo, cell guides and containers No moving parts in contact with water for long life
Retractable stabilisers
Fixed stabilisers