HEALTH PROMOTION Sandra T.

Teh, RN,MN,CCRN

Learning Objectives
After the lecture, student will be able to:
1. Explain the relationship of individuality and

holism to nursing practice. 2. Give 4 main characteristics of homeostatic mechanisms. 3. Identify theoretical frameworks used in individual health promotion. 4. Identify Maslows characteristics of the self actualized person.

 5. Describe how the Healthy People 2010 leading health indicators can help improve the health of community. 6. Differentiate health promotion from health protection or illness prevention.
7. Identify various types and sites of health

promotion programs.

 8. Discuss the Health Promotion Model.

9. Explain the stages of health behavior

change. 10. Discuss the nurses role in health promotion. 11. Assess the health of individuals. 12. Develop, implement , and evaluate plans for health promotion.

What is health promotion?

-is an important component of nursing practice.

It is a way of thinking that revolves around a philosophy of wholeness, wellness, and well being.

What are Health promoting habits?

-adequate exercise Rest Relaxation Maintaining good nutrition Controlling the use of tobacco, alcohol, & other drugs.

What is Individuality ????

INDIVIDUALITY
INCLUDE THE PERSONS TOTAL CHARACTER, MOTIVES, ABILITIES, HABITS &

ENCOMPASSES BEHAVIORS,
EMOTIONAL STATE,

ATTITUDES,
VALUES,

APPEARANCES. SELF IDENTITY PERCEPTIONS

What is Holism???

CONCEPT OF HOLISM
Emphasizes that nurses must keep the whole person in mind and strive to understand how one are of concern relates to the whole

person. Ex. Helping a man who is grieving over the death of his spouse, nurse considers the mans appetite, rest , sleep pattern, energy level, sense of well being, mood , family relationships etc.

Holism
Concerned with the individual as a
whole, not as an assembly of parts Strive to understand how one area of concern relates to the whole person Consider the relationship of

individuals to the environment and to others

What is Homeostasis???

Concept of Homeostasis
First introduced by Cannon (1939) to describe the relative constancy of the internal processes of the body, such as blood oxygen

and carbon dioxide levels, blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose, & fluid & electrolyte balance. Implies a condition that might vary but remained relatively constant.

4 main characteristics of homeostatic mechanisms :

1. They are safe regulating.
2. They are compensatory. 3. They tend to be regulated by negative

feedback systems. 4. They may require several feedback mechanisms to correct only one physiologic imbalance.

 Self regulating means that homeostatic

mechanisms come into play automatically in the healthy person. Compensatory (counterbalancing) because they tend to counteract conditions that are abnormal for the person. Ex. Sudden drop in air temp. the compensatory mechanisms are that the peripheral blood vessels constrict, diverting the most of the blood internally, & increased muscular activity & shivering occur to create heat.

Theoretical Frameworks used in Individual Health Promotion

Needs Theories Maslow Kalish Developmental Stage Theories

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Maslows Characteristics of the Self-actualized Person

Realistic, sees life clearly, and is objective Judges people correctly Has superior perception, is more decisive

Has clear notion of right and wrong Is usually accurate in predicting future events Understands art, music, politics, and philosophy.

Maslows Characteristics of the Self-actualized Person

Possesses humility, listens to others carefully Is highly creative, flexible, spontaneous, courageous, and willing to make mistakes Is open to new ideas Is self-confident and has self respect Has low degree of self-conflict; personality is integrated Respects self, does not need fame, possesses a feeling of self control Is highly independent, desires privacy

Maslows Characteristics of the Self-actualized Person 1. Can appear remote and detached
2. Is friendly, loving, and governed more by

inner directives than by society 3. Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion 4. Is problem-centered rather than selfcentered 5. Accepts the world for what it is

Healthy People 2010

Two major goals are: To increase quality and years of healthy life To eliminate health disparities

Healthy People 2010

Organized around 28 focus areas to improve health Establishes a set of leading health indicators

reflecting public health concerns Indicators will help develop action plans to improve the health of both individuals and communities Individual health closely linked to community health and reverse Vision is healthy people in healthy communities

Health Promotion and Health Protection/Illness Prevention

The difference is the

individuals motivation for behavior .

Health Promotion
Not disease oriented
Motivated by personal, positive approach to wellness Seeks to expand positive potential for health

Health Protection/Illness Prevention

Illness or injury specific Motivated by avoidance of illness Seeks to thwart the occurrence of insults to

health and well-being

Types of Health Promotion Programs

Health promotion Specific protection Screening for early detection of disease

Sites of Health Promotion Programs

Various settings for programs:
In home

Community Schools Health care organizations Worksites

Health Promotion Model (HPM)

Link to HPM Figure Competence or approach-oriented model Motivational source for behavior changes

based on individuals subjective value of the change

Variables of HPM

Individual characteristics and experiences Prior related behaviors Personal factors Behavior-specific cognitions and affect Perceived benefits of action Perceived barriers to action Perceived self-efficacy Activity-related affect Interpersonal factors Situational influences

Variables of HPM
Commitment to a plan of action Immediate competing demands and

preferences Behavioral outcome

Stages of Health Behavior Change

Stages of Health Behavior Change

Link to Stages Diagram Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination

Nurses Role in Health Promotion

Model healthy lifestyle Facilitate client involvement Teach self-care strategies

Assist clients to increase levels of health Educate clients to be effective health care consumers

Nurses Role in Health Promotion

Assist clients to develop and choose health-promoting options Guide development of effective problem-solving and decision-making Reinforce clients personal and family health-promoting behaviors Advocate in the community for changes that promote a healthy environment

Assessment of Health
Health history Physical examination Physical fitness assessment Lifestyle assessment Spiritual health assessment

Social support systemreview Health risk assessment Health beliefs review Life-stress review

Developing Health Promotion Plans

Based on health needs, desires, and
priorities of the client Client decides on: Goals Activities or interventions to achieve these goals

Frequency and duration of activities Method of evaluation

Implementing Health Promotion Plans

Emphasis on self responsibility
Nursing interventions include: Supporting

Counseling Facilitating Teaching Consulting Enhancing the behavior change Modeling

Evaluating Health Promotion Plans

Ongoing Collaborative effort Client actions may include: Continue the plan Reorder priorities Change strategies

Revise the contract

THANKS FOR LISTENING FOLKS!!!!!