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HOUSING DESIGN PROCESS

The process ..

1.Data

feasibility studies Detailed studies

Collection & Analysis

2. Proposals

Options Final Proposal

Design

3. Implimentation

Phasing Implimentaions / Execution Monitoring

Data .. User (target population)


Economic Aspects:

Occupation Income (Gross & Net) Expenditure Saving


Size & type of plot and building Infrastructure - Utilities - Common facilities - Circulation

Place of word
Mode of travel Priorities to spend

HOUSEHOLD :

No. Of people age, sex Type Independent joint family Health relevant to environment Altitudes location tenure(free lease rental) -Area of plot frontage, building priorities
No. Of new houses Extension to old buildings Type & size of buildings, open spaces Supporting facilities

COMMUNITY

Controls(organisation) Caste,religion Self help(low imcome)

Meeting places Shrines Cost effective buildings

DEMAND

Preferences :
Typology of houses Tenure Locations Utilities Methods to obtain houses : Self help build Buy complete dwelling Build thro co-ops

Affordability (actual) Expectation(potential)

Data .. Site ..

LOCATION :

Impact of urban development (existing &proposed) Potential for employment Distance to facilities Transportation link

Cost Demand Successful implementation

Potential for offsite,onsite,onplot infrastructure

AREA/SHAPE

Accuracy Measuring,survey

Design efficiency

BOUNDARIES

Adjacent areas Compatibility

Suitability for housing To attract people

TOPOGRAPHIC/VEGETAT ION

Areas unsuitable for buildings

Cost of development Environment

Drainage(low lying areas)


Landscape details(tree,water bodies)

GROUND CONDITIONS

Soil types Presence of groundwater rocks Construction Cost Cost of water supply

aggressive chemicals

CLIMATE

Temperature,relative humidity Rainfall

Wind-direction/strength
Seasonal variations comfort ranges

Design of Shelter Streets Open spaces

EXISTING DEVELOPMENT

Layout pattern Plot sizes,shapes

Buildings
Common-fecilities Commerce/industry Circulation/transportation Utilities,other land uses

Trend of development To formulate design standards.

INSTITUTION/FINANCE

Agencies -Preparation -Planning -Implementation Project development as a whole

(promoter,building,archit ect etc)

FINANCE

Land cost Influencing factors Market demand

Key to success of the project

Tenure status
Location Frontage to main road Land use controls zoning Level of services

BUILDING COST

Materials Construction Services

ASSESSING THE ABILITY TO PAY .


Affordability analysis Relating affordability to cost of land/building

ANALYSIS OF DETAILED STUDIES


Design Guidelines TARGET POPULATION
Type of houses Services(available)&need ed to ability to pay by Willingness to Site suitability (problems /opportunities) Financial implications

DESIGN.....OPTIONS....PROPOSALS.....HOUSIN G
LAYOUT AND DENSITY

Scale neighbourhood say 5000 people Identifiable unit with provision for facilities Easy to administrate

GROSS DENSITY

100/hect ------ low ----- individual houses more priv.&pub. Space 200/hect-------- medium------- individual + multi occupancy ,adequate priv.&pub. Open space

300/hect ----- high ----- more multi occupancy limited priv+ pub space
600/hect ---- very high ---- multi storied , multi occupancy , restricted priv& pub space , Intensive use

POPULATION... DENSITY.... LAND..... EQUATIONS

Pop net density land in priv use(saleable) gross density land area required 5000 308/hect 65% - 200/hect 25 hect

A 6 9

B 7.5

C 9

D 12

12

15

18

BUILDINGS

Type and minimum superstructure necessary(to start with) (incremental esc. For low income) Cost of house to be related to affordability ( find unit cost of building) Construction to be familiar and appropriate ( cost effective techniques) Labour and materials to suit local conditions

PROVIDE RANGES INDEPENDENT TWIN ROW CLUSTER MEDIUM RISE LOW RISE HIGH RISE

Common facilities
EDUCATION formation of housing standards relevant to scheme Or follow local/ national standards if available Ex: for 5000 population 1.primary school 2. nursery school Location ... acceptable option HEALTH FACILITIES Consult appropriate organisations Follow national/local standards (if any) COMMERCE / INDUSTRY Low income category Provides local employment Increased money spend within the project Attract investment to help cross subsidy To improve quality of life

Common facilities
RECREATION GENERAL Commercial core to expand later (easily) Convenient shops integrated with houses in street Large scale activity to cater to residents as well as non residents Mixed development local or international standards Formal (organised games) To suit the ability of target population who has to bear the cost Centrally located.... easily accessible

(at the same time) avoid valuable land


On formal(parks,play spaces) Large no. Of small open spaces taking care of childrens play suiting housing chuster

LANDSCAPING To provide shady areas or for aesthetics? Cost consideration Who will maintain?

EFFICIENCY OF LAYOUT

Public land residents

roads, streets open spaces 20-25% institutions

cost to be born by 15-

Semi public land 18% Private land

cost by institutions 55-65%

houses,private street commerce

CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION

Lane, street,roads,parking Standards per reg. Hierarchy of streets width to tolerate to diff. Width to relate to diff. Modes under Indian condition Shorting each road to reduce impact on housing units and to reduce costs Parking to relate directly to each unit without compromising environmental quality Design roads to assure buffering and integration with other plan elements

UTILITIES
Considering cost, may be implemented ina phased manner To meet the objective Water supply . Source of water - tank,well,municipal supply . Public stand pipe---- individual piped supply Sewage disposal ---- septic tank---- water born sewage Surface drainage Electricity ---- stret lightning , individual connections Carbage disposal--- communal disposal point, on plot collection Telephone---- communal provision, plot connection

( Prepare layout diagrams with alternatives )

DETAILED PROPOSALS

Based on the option approved by the user and authorities To be prepared for the first phase only Changes as a result of experience can be incorporated in later design Detailed design not only prepared to meet the initial levels but designed to take care of the likely final levels.

THEN COMES YOUR IMPLEMENTATIONS AND MONITORING ..

tHANK yOU

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