Part Five Voice over IP and Converged Infrastructure

Chapter 40

Components of the converged infrastructure

Component 1

Independent data networks

Component 2

Independent storage networks

Component 3

Independent voice networks

2

1: Independent Data Networks

Almost all large corporations haves
offices and business spread over multiple sites Require a high level of availability, reliability, and ability to scale to a larger size

Loss caused by network downtime exceeds the cost of building a resilient infrastructure.
3

The trends driving to complete resilience on network connectivity

Rapid growth in use of network-based applications that require data from other hosts Increase in online data Growth of remote offices Demand for VPN services

Network within an enterprise

Internet is a

network of networks

2: Independent Storage Networks

All enterprises are experiencing an exponential growth of storage. It is estimated that the storage sales worldwide are more than server sales, and the amount of required storage is doubling every year.

Key drivers for explosive growth

More data is moving online. Employees and customers expect to view and modify online information 24*7 e-commerce require online access to transactional information, support data, and so on where it can be easily accessed.

Key drivers for explosive growth (Cont.)

Information stored and moved on the network has been moved to increase employee productivity E-learning and supply-chain information is driving media-rich and storage-hungry content to servers

Storage access methods

Direct attached storage (DAS) The storage is directly connected by SCSI or fibre channel (FC) cables to the hostbased adapters (HBAs) Network attached storage (NAS) The file server or NAS head export or share its locally attached disks to other servers and clients in the network. It is the only one that uses the existing IP network.

10

Storage access methods (Cont.)

Storage area networks (SAN) Most of todays corporations use SANbased storage for enterprise-level applications. The storage devices are all connected to a set of FC switches to form a common pool of storage that can be accessed by any server connected to the set of switches.
11

DAS

12

NAS

13

SAN

14

3: Independent Voice Networks

15

Existing telephone network.

16

PSTN Problems
The voice-dedicated channels are underutilized most of the time. A study has shown that during a phone conversation, 56 percent of the duration is pause, 22 percent of the time is exchange of essential components of the conversation, and the remaining 22 percent is repetition.

17

Telephone conversations and data Network

18

Important Telephone and VoIP Related Terms

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Private branch exchange (PBX) Software IP phones Hardware IP phones H.323 Session initiation protocol (SIP)
19

PSTN
PSTN is the worlds collection of interconnected public voice telephone networks. It is also known as the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). It is set up and managed by the government and commercial organizations.

20

Private branch exchange (PBX)

This is a device located within an organization that routes telephone calls to internal extensions or to the PSTN. It provides additional features such as voicemail and call-forwarding.

21

Key telephone system

This is used like a PBX in small offices where far fewer phones are required. Each key telephone system supports up to a hundred ports.

22

Software IP phones
These consist of a headset that plugs into the USB or serial interface of a PC. The PC needs client software that supports IP telephony.

23

H.323
This was approved by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 1996 as a standard for multimedia and audiovisual transmission across disparate networks. V.2 In 1998, includes several functions such as bandwidth management, call control, multimedia management, and interoperability between differe ntnetwork types. 24

Session initiation protocol (SIP)

SIP is IETFs standard for multimedia communication over IP networks. Application-layer control protocol that initiates, manages, and terminates calls between two or more terminals. It is picking up as an alternative to H.323.

25

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a group of hardware, software tools, and protocol that allow to use the Internet as the transmission medium for placing telephone calls. It encapsulates the voice data into IP packets and transmits the packets over the Internet.
26

Voice over IP (Cont.)

The advantage is that the user does not have to pay a toll or surcharge for the call.. This is similar It is also known as IP telephony (IPT), or Internet telephony and voice over Internet.

27

Facts about VoIP

The per-minute surcharge for longdistance and international calls is decreasing Telecommunication carriers are moving to an IP-centric world Market research studies have estimated that 10 percent of all calls as of 2005 are being transmitted over VoIP
28

Facts about VoIP (Cont.)

By the year 2007, 7 million IP phones will be installed around the world. Research by the Yankee Group estimates the number of VoIP users will increase from 1 million in 2005 to 30 million in 2009

29

30

Building VoIP Networks

The easiest way to deploy VoIP is to replace the PBX units with a VoIP gateway or relay Power over Ethernet (PoE), and PoE phone sets

31

Phone conversations between two sites use the IP network.

32

IP phones and data are connected to the WAN

33

IP network is used for data and VoIP phones. The PBX is used by non-VoIP phones.

34

Multiple corporate sites with IP- and PBX-connected telephones.

35

Business Case for Voice over IP

Higher user productivity Enhanced user applications Cost control

36

Issues with VoIP

Quality of Service (QoS) Availability Managing a Network of Networks

37

Quality of Service (QoS)

Dial tone delay This is the users wait time after he or she takes the phone off the hook and before he or she hears a dial tone. Call setup time This is the time taken for the called party to hear a bell tone after complete dialing.
38

Quality of Service (QoS) Cont.

Call-completion ratio This is the number of dials that successfully went through versus those that did not go through. Post dialing delay This is the users wait time after he or she completes dialing and before he or she hears the ring on the other side.
39

Quality of Service (QoS) Cont.

Delay or latency This is the length of time that a voice packet takes to travel between the two phone sets Packet loss There is some packet loss caused by conversion of voice data to packets
40

Quality of Service (QoS) Cont.

Jitter This is the time between packet arrivals. This must be consistent to avoid unusually long silence.

41