SEMINAR BY : AJITH PS : E6 : SBAG10183612

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT

BUILDING THE GLV DEVICE

PIXEL FORM MANUFACTURE CONTROLLING THE GLV DEVICE APPLYING THE GLV TECHNOLOGY COLOR IMAGE COMPARING THE GLV

ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Silicon

Light Machines was founded in 1994 to develop and commercialize a range of products based on the Grating Light Valve (GLV) technology. The original GLV device concepts were developed at Stanford University. It is a micromechanical light valve intended for display applications.. The body of the device is a collection of ten beams stretched across a frame.

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT

Consist

of parallel row of reflecting ribbon

Controlled

reflection and diffraction of incident light produce dark and bright pixel

DARK STATE
Ribbons

are in same plane reflecting the incident light .

BRIGHT STATE
Movable

ribbons are pull downdiffraction of incident light

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT
By

making the ribbons small enoughgreater image brightness. If the up and down ribbon switching state can be made fast enough, then modulation of the diffraction can produce many gradations of gray and/or colors. Several means for displaying color images using GLV devices : color filters with multiple light valves, field sequential color, and sub-pixel color using "tuned" diffraction gratings.

BUILDING THE GLV DEVICE

Mainstream IC fabrication technology (e.g. photolithographic masking, deposition, etching, metalization, etc.) to create the micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) that make up the GLV device. The GLV ribbons are built using silicon nitride, then coated with a very thin layer of aluminum .

BUILDING THE GLV DEVICE

PIXEL FORM
Set

of four ribbon(two fix two movable) form a pixel Ribbon move due to electrostatic force

MANUFACTURE
2-mask

IC process Glass lid is fix above the ribbon Electronic driver and control logic is use

CONTROLLING THE GLV DEVICE

The

ribbons will naturally assume the up state. To pull them down, one must apply a voltage difference between the movable ribbons and bottom electrodes. V1 is switch up voltage V2 is switch down voltage Vb is bias voltage(V1<Vb<V2) V2/V1=2

CONTROLLING THE GLV DEVICE

Switching

time is approximately 20ns

APPLYING THE GLV TECHNOLOGY

Video input is format converted and then input to digital driver.

The

latter interfaces directly with the GLV device.

APPLYING THE GLV TECHNOLOGY

Light is diffracted by the GLV device into an eyepiece for virtual display, or into an optical system for image projection onto a screen.

COLOR IMAGE

Using different ribbon to create a red, green, blue pixel The red area, having the widest pitch, refracts red light normal to the GLV plane while green and blue light is refracted at other angles.

Color is produced by reducing the slit width to allow only a limited bandwidth about each of the primary colors to be selected.

COLOR IMAGE

color production by using different spacing between ribbons

USING RGB
A white

light source is filtered sequentially by a spinning red-green-blue filter disk, for instance.
By

synchronizing the image data streams red, green and blue pixel data with the appropriate filtered source light, combinations of red, green and blue diffracted light is directed to the projector lens.
A turning

mirror is used both to direct light onto the GLV device, and as an optical stop blocking reflected light.

USING RGB

USING LED
An

even simpler, handheld, color display device uses three LED sources red (642nm), green (532nm), blue (457nm).
A single

GLV device diffracts the appropriate incident primary -color light to reproduce the color pixel information sent to the controller board.

USING LED

LARGE SCREEN PROJECTOR

A more elaborate and accurate color projection system can be build using three GLV devices. By passing the sources white light through dichroic filters, red, blue and green light are incident on three separate GLV devices. Diffracted light is collected and directed through the optical system to a viewing screen

LARGE SCREEN PROJECTOR

COMPARING THE GLV

With

micro-mirror light valve technology

simpler to fabricate requiring only 7 mask steps. use smaller, lighter, mechanical structures that move through smaller excursions than alternative light-valve technologies. it is faster, requires less external memory and no transistors in the MEMS array.

COMPARING THE GLV

With conventional LCD

Faster than conventional LCDs and other light-valve technologies. GLV technology matches much more closely the speeds of its electronic interface components. As a result, the interface is simpler. GLV speeds also provide higher gray scale and color variation accuracy.

ADVANTAGES
High

speed of operation No need to provide buffer or delay function GLV switching speeds make it easy to implement an 8-bit or greater grey scale High contrast ratio, fill ratio and optical efficiency Ease of Manufacturing High Reliability and Stability

CONCLUSION

The grating light valve is a relatively new display technology. It is based on reflection phase gratings of electrically controllable depth. The contrast ratio was measured to be 20:1 for black-and-white displays. A contrast of 80:1 can be achieved with improved processing techniques. Improved lamp collimation should improve the saturation of the colors. Contrast ratios for optimized color devices should exceed 200. Switching voltages between 5 and 10 V can be used. The device operation is not much affected

REFERENCES
[1]

D.T. Amm and Robert W. Corrigan, Optical Performance of the Grating Light Valve [2] R. W. Corrigan, D.T. Amm, and C.S. Gudeman, Grating Light Valve. Technology for Projection Displays, International Display Workshop, Kobe, Japan, December 1998. Resnick Halliday www.siliconlight.com

THANK YOU