TOPIC 1 2 3 ROME COSMOLOGY RISE OF ROME CIVILIZATION FALL OF ROME CIVILIZATION

TOPIC OUTCOME EXPLAIN THE COSMOLOGY OF ROME EXPLAIN THE FACTORS CAUSE THE RISE OF ROME CIVILIZATION EXPLAIN THE FACTORS CAUSE THE FALL OF ROME CIVILIZATION

CONTRIBUTION OF ROME CIVILIZATION TO MANKIND

EXPLAIN THE CONTRIBUATION OF ROME CIVILIZATION TO MANKIND

MAGIC

ANIMISM

ANCIENT ROME

WORSHIP OG NATURE OBJECT

WORSHIP OF ANIMAL

WORSHIP OF TREE

-belief in man's own power to influence by occult -eg: slaughter of pregnant cows at the Fordicidia in the middle of April, before the sprouting of the corn

-common feature -eg: sacred stone (silex) brought out to play a prominent part in the ceremony of treatymaking

- sacrifice to tree with a pig - clear instance of the tree regarded as the dwelling of the sacred power

-dressed themselves in the skins of the sacrificed goats -smeared their faces with the blood -Lupercalia

-some of the survivals of very early stages of religious custom which still kept their place in the developed religion of Rome

The Romans were very superstitious. They believed that good or bad luck was given by the gods if the gods were happy then you would have good luck but if they were unhappy then your luck would be bad.

Jupiter was the god of the sky and the most important god

Neptune was the god of the sea

Mars was the god of war

Venus was the goddess of love Bacchus was the god of wine Ceres was the goddess of agriculture

- 1st to 4th century, christianity is minor religion - Emperor Constantine become believer

-Roman peace -stability culture, economic growth

-hundred of different people -wide variety of culture back ground

-lose confidence to their god -those need will be met in Christian religion

-maintain the peace of Rome -carried their belief and idea

EARLY DEATH

CONSTANTINE THE GREAT

DISADVANTAGE

AFTERLIFE

ANTAGONISTIC TO PACIFISTIC

Autocratic - two annually elected consuls ruling under the direction of the senate and a judiciary system - Conflict between Gaius Marius & Sulla - Civil war Gaius Julius Caesar & againt Pompey - Senators fighting, murdered, commit suicide

- Born in 100 BC - A great military leader - 59 BC, became consul - Dictator General when againt pompey

- Octavian - Nephew of Julius Caesar - Founder of the Roman empire - Defeat Anthony

- Defeated its rivals, Mark Antony - Restructuring Rome Republic to Rome Empire - 5,900,000 square kilometers (2,300,000 square miles) land surface - Declared himself as the savior - Consul selected - Tribunal civilians create law - Senators argue ( Roman Curia) - Final decision based on Octavian

1. Strategic position
Control over long stretches of coastline strategically located in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea Near water sources Boosted wealth Powerful navy

2. Navy ships copied the cuttingedge Carthage ships drop on the enemy ship
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3. APPEASEMENT - Project its power outward was to keep its new constituents happy - Respect local culture, custom, religion - Reduced the drain on military - Free continue expanding Romes sphere of control

4. IMPROVE STABILITY, COMMERCE, PROTECTION, GOVERNMENT - Military protect Rome civilization - Road system - Centralized currency - Free trade - Export market - Affordable goods

5. STANDARDIZATION
Currency Law Measurement Freedom of movement

6. INFRASTRUCTURAL ADVANCE
Aqueduct Cement mixing technology Constuction Architectural desgin

7. FOOD ALLOCATION - Control based product - Facilitate the economical distribution - Avoid disruption in food supply

8. MILIATARY POWER - Profesional army - Navy capability - Supplementing man-power hungry army

9. DEMOCRACY - Rudimentary, primitive democracy - Senate - Small monority allow to vote

10. NATIONAL BORDER

- Set the borders that would eventually define England, Spain, France and Germany

-lasted from 27 BC - 476 AD -its most powerful the territories of the Roman Empire included lands in West and South Europe (the lands around the Mediterranean), Britain, Asia Minor, North Africa including Egypt.

1. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN SENATE AND EMPEROR - Emperor had the legal power to rule Romes religious, civil and military - Senate act as advisor y body - Powerful, spoilt, wealthy Roman Emperors inevitably became corrupt and many lived a immoral lifestyle

2. DECLINE IN MORAL - Immoral and promiscuous sexual behavior - Emperor keeps young boys for its pleasure - Religious festival practise sexual promiscuous - Gambling - Massive consumption of alcohol

3. POLITICAL CORRUPTION AND THE PRAETORIAN GUARD - Political corruption - Elite soldier decide emperor should be dispose and who be new emperor

4. FAST EXPANSION OF EMPIRE - Rapid growth of land - Defend border and territories of Rome - barbarians - High tax on foreigner

5. CONSTANT WARS AND HEAVY MILITARY SPENDING - Constant warfare require heavy military spending - Over-stretcted of the army - Barbarian allow to be army

6. BARBARIAN KNOWLEDGE OF ROME MILITARY TACTICS - Barbarian gain military tactic through serve as army - Turned against the empire

7. FALLING OF ECONOMY AND HIGH INFLATION - Government threated by bankruptcy - High taxation - Devalued of Roman coin

8. UNEMPLOYMENT OF WORKING CLASS - Cheap slave labor - Depends on hand-out from other state - Choose live subside - Massive divide between rich and poor Romans

9. DECLINE IN ETHIC AND VALUE - Life become cheap- cruelty - Value, idea, custom, traditional decline.

10. NATURAL DISASTER - Plagues, famines, earthquake

11. BARBARIAN INVASION - Barbarian armies - Disintegration of Roman authority - Fall of Roman Empire

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE JULIAN CALENDAR CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

THE REPLUBLIC AND SENATE

HIGHWAY SYSTEM

CONTRIBUTION OF ROME CIVILIZATION TO MANKIND ROMAN LEGAL SYSTEM MASS ENTERTAIMENT

ROMAN ALPHABET

AQUADUCT, VIADUCT

WINE MAKING

THERMAL BATH, CENTRAL HEATING, FLOOR HEATING

Arches, column, domes, sculptures, frescoes, mosaics

Cement, mortar, concrete

Stadiums & amphitheatres (ancestors of modern stadiums)

Aqueduct- water system Viaduct - the world's first bridges to cross valleys

Creating a lasting tradition in France, Italy, Spain...

The world's most widespread writing system