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LECTURE MATERIAL

Chapter 7 Respiration System Chapter 8 Excretion System Chapter 9 Coordination System Chapter 10 Plant Reproduction System Chapter 11 Human Reproduction System

RESPIRATION SYSTEM

BREATHING & RESPIRATION


Breathing is one of many characteristics of living creatures.

Breathing = consuming air (O2) inside the body & excreting air (CO2) outside the body.
Respiration = burning process (oxidation) of organic compound within the cells to produce energy. Respiration can be done by :
The LUNGS : mammalians, etc. Combination between LUNGS and SACCUS PNEUMATICUS Combination between LUNGS and SKIN The GILLS : fishes, shrimps, annelids, etc. The TRACHEA : insects, etc. The SKIN (by diffusion) : protozoan, etc.

Basically, animal respiratory organs are just 2 equipment: a. Entering tool b. Excreting tool Respiration by diffusion will be just happened if the entering tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms). The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment). Without RESPIRATION process?
Theres no O2 supply needed for energy production. Theres no O2 supply needed for cells respiration. Will be die in seconds.

PROTOZOAN

Amoeba & Paramecium has no specific respiratory organ. Another protozoan do the same way. Respiration process happened at the surface of body cells. Oxygen (O2) and (CO2) come in & out via cellular membrane by diffusion.

PORIFERAN & COELENTERATA

Poriferan which has porous body arranged by a simple body cells and tissues. This phylum Poriferan & Coelenterate has no specific respiratory organs. Oxygen and Carbon dioxide change directly by the cells at the surface of it body which is touch the water. Respiratory materials taken from O2 which is soluble in the water.

ANNELID (WORM)

Flat worm (such as the Planarian) and another Annelids have no specific respiratory organs. They use all of body surface to breath by diffusion.

Liquid mucous at the skin helps in breathing.

Basically, breathing tools in the animal are just 2 equipment: a. Entering tool b. Excreting tool Respiration by diffusion will be just happened if the entering tool is absent (exp. protozoan and earth worms). The oxygen enter to the body by diffusion process (to the blood vessels), and following by bonding process by the blood pigments (Hemoglobin or another specific pigment). Without RESPIRATION process?
Theres no O2 supply needed for energy production. Theres no O2 supply needed for cells respiration. Will be die in seconds.

MOLLUSCA & ECHINODERMATA All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where the gill is housed. The gill of a mollusk extracts oxygen from the water and disposes of waste. Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Achantina fulica) use pulmo (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above.

Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use gill to breath.

ARTHROPODA All mollusks have a muscular foot used for locomotion, as well as a mantle, an outgrowth that covers the animal. Many mollusks have an external calcium carbonate shell, hanging over the mantle, that is actually produced by the mantle. The mantle is also used in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory reception. It often creates a mantle cavity, where the gill is housed. The gill of a mollusk extracts oxygen from the water and disposes of waste. Many mollusks (Ordo Pulmonata : Achantina fulica) use pulmo (lungs) to breath, can be stay in water or above.

Bivalvia (Water mollusks) use gill to breath.

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