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Nomenclature of
Inorganic Compounds
Objectives:
Distinguish between common and systematic names of
compounds
Review differences between elements and ions
Formula is CaCl2
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium will form Mg2+
Oxygen will form O2-
Formula is MgO
Writing Formulas from Names of
Compounds
Barium phosphide
Barium will form Ba2+
Phosphorus will form P3-
Formula is Ba3P2
Sodium sulfide
Sodium will form Na+
Sulfur will form S2-
Formula is Na2S
Binary Compounds
Contain only two different elements
Often metal with nonmetal (binary
ionic compound)
Binary Ionic Compounds
Containing a Metal Forming
Only One Type of Cation
Name of cation is left the same
Name of anion is changed (-ide)
Write formulas for the following compounds
Strontium chloride
Strontium is Sr2+ and Chlorine is Cl- SrCl2
Calcium sulfide
Calcium is Ca2+ and Sulfur is S2- CaS
Binary Ionic Compounds Containing
a Metal That Can Form Two or More
Types of Cations
Metals in the center of the periodic table
Iron can be Fe2+ or Fe3+
Stock System
Use Roman Numeral to designate charge of cation
Copper (II) Chloride is CuCl
2
named first
Second element retains –ide ending
Binary Compounds Containing
Two Nonmetals
Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the
number of atoms of that element in the molecule
Mono (1) never used for first element
Prefix Meaning Prefix Meaning
Mono 1 Hexa 6
Di 2 Hepta 7
Tri 3 Octa 8
Tetra 4 Nona 9
Penta 5 Deca 10
Binary Compounds Containing
Two Nonmetals
Examples:
N2O is dinitrogen monoxide (drop “o”)
S2F10 is disulfur decofluoride
You try:
Diphosphorus pentoxide
P2O5
Carbon tetrabromide
CBr4
Nitrogen trihydride
NH3
Acids Derived from Binary
Compounds
Hydrogen compounds – form acids in water
Write symbol of H first, then the rest
Shows it is an acid
Naming
Take stem of nonmetal
Add prefix hydro-
Add suffix –ic
Add the word acid
Acids Derived from Binary
Compounds
H2S
Hydrogen sulfide (if not in water)
Hydrosulfuric acid
HCl
Hydrogen chloride (if not in water)
Hydrochloric acid
Figure 6.4 on page 115
VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY
COMPOUNDS
Naming Compounds Containing
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ion
ClO- hypochlorite
-ate indicates ClO2- chlorite
-ite indicates ClO3- chlorate
Nitrate is NO3- ClO4-
hyperchlorate
Nitrite is NO2-
or
Hypo- perchlorate
(if more than two varieties)
Naming Compounds Containing
Polyatomic Ions
Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6
Hydroxide (OH-)
Cyanide (CN-)
Naming Compounds Containing
Polyatomic Ions