Thermoplastic Materials Engineering Plastics

MFG 355

Engineering Thermoplastics
Replace metallic parts
Strength and stiffness Retention of properties over range of temperatures Toughness to ithstand incidental damage !imensional sta"ilit#
$o creep $o %TE

&ithstand environmental factors '()* +,* chemicals Shaped easil#

Engineering Thermoplastics
%ompared to commodit# plastics
More e.pensive The commodit# resins are all lac/ing some critical propert# Some Engineering Thermoplastics are formed through the condensation pol#meri0ation process

Pol#amides or 1#lons 'P2-

Pol#amides or 1#lons 'P2' 3 4

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P2 General Famil# %haracteristics

Polarit# %r#stallinit# Sharp meltpoint Strength %omparison of higher 5 lo er n#lon num"ers

P2 General Famil# %haracteristics

Transparent '"arel#-6coo/ in "ag 'tur/e#2nti7friction6not li/e PTFE "ut good Toughness6e.cellent Fatigue resistance6e.cellent &ater a"sorption6a ea/ness '8,7,859 6must "e dried for in:ection molding ;ighl# cr#stalline

1#lon <*<
; ;,1 % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; 1;,

;e.ameth#lenediamine '< car"ons-

1#lon <*<
+ % ;+ ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; % + +;

2dipic 2cid '< car"ons-

1#lon <*<
; ;,1 % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; + 1; % ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; ; % ; % +; +

&ater

+ ;

1#lon <*<

1#lon <
; ; ; ; ; + % +; ;,1 % % % % %

2mine Group

2cid Group

1#lon <
+ ; ; ; ; ; % % ;,1 ; ; ; % ; % ; ; ; ; ; ; % % 1 % % % % ; ; ; ;
;

&ater
; +

; ; % % +; +

Properties of Specific 1#lon T#pes

1#lon <*< General 1#lon < %op#cat 1#lon <*=> $ess ater a"sorption 1#lon <*=, Fle.i"ilit# and less ater 1#lon ,*, Strength

Processing 1#lon
?n:ection molding
Shrin/age6cr#stallinit#68>=@ inAin !r# it first

E.trusion
$o melt viscosit# Be careful of decomposition

Fi"ers
!ra ing %r#stalli0ation +rientation

1#lon ;istor#
1ature of pol#mer "onding not understood %arothers !ifunctional monomers Pol#mers6=>>> units long
$arger units6molecular still to eliminate ater

%ontrol of melting point and length

Man# com"inations of pol#esters Tr#ing pol#amides Settling on <*<

%arothers death
3 ee/s after patents

Tremendous success
1ame
!ela ear* &acra* 1orun* 1uron* 1ulon* 1ilon* 1#lon

2ramids

2ramids

2cetals or Pol#o.#meth#lenes 'P+M-

2cetals or Pol#o.#meth#lenes 'P+M-

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2cetal General Famil# %haracteristics

Mechanical6do not em"rittle* good impact strength Moisture6ver# little 'sho er heads %hemical resistance6ver# high* resists stains* sensitive to strong acids and "ases &eathering6fair Thermal6,>>o F Electrical6good Machining6li/e cutting "rass 2dhesion6epo.# glues

Processing 2cetals
!o not heat a"ove CC>o F Melt viscosit# is not too dependant on temperature

2cetal %opol#mer
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Thermoplastic Pol#esters 'PETAPBT-

Thermoplastic Pol#esters 'PETAPBT'

Thermoplastic Pol#ester General Famil# %haracteristics

PET
;igher mechanical stiffness Strength "# orienting chains not "# ;7"onding Get 5>9 cr#stallinit#
forced "# mechanical stretching

PBT
cr#stalli0es rapidl# processes faster lo er overall properties

Processing PET
Shape it 'film* tape* fi"er* e.trude* etc 2morphous structure

Reheat and stretch in strength direction's %ool to "elo Tg

Specific TP Pol#ester T#pes

!acron fi"er6mi. ith cotton or ool7gives permanent creases Dodel photo film M#lar6transparencies* tapes PETG6gl#col modified* amorphous* li/e P)%

Pol#car"onate

Pol#car"onate
' -

;istor#
Solvent resistance '!uPont GE7$e.an Properties
Polar Stiffness of "ac/"one $ong repeat unit

Properties
Solvent sensitivit#6poor "ut nice for :oining %lear6e.cept for () #ello ing* slight cr#stallinit# ;ard !uctile6nailed* sa ed* dra n* punched* sheared* drilled Tough6helmets* light covers* indo s* roadside signs* "ullet proof shields !imensional sta"ilit#6lo creep Electrical resistance6good "ut not fantastic Machining6good

2cr#lics 'P21* PMM2-

2cr#lics 'P21* PMM2-

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Properties
%olor 'transparenc#-6,> #ears A E=>9 change &eathering6"est Mechanical properties6average e.cept for impact '"rittle %hemical6chlorinated solvents attac/ it* acetone gives it crac/s Electrical6good

(ses
Signs %ounter tops6%orian !ecorative pieces Floor a.es Paint* fingernail polishes %ontact lenses* glasses

Processing
%asting 'sheets-6s#rup ?n:ection molding6good Thermoforming6o/ "ut "rittle Machining6similar to ood

Flouropol#mers 'PTFE* FEP* PF2-

Flouropol#mers 'PTFE* FEP* PF2-

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;istor# of !iscover#
%ham"ers plant
Ma/ing Freon Gas c#linder

Properties
Most are strengthened "# the tight "ond "et een the Fluorine and the %ar"on atoms
Slipper# 'anti7stic/ surfaces %hemical inertness ;igh temperature melting 1on7flamma"le ;igh electrical resistance )er# dense6,8=37,8, 'high melt viscosit#-

(ses
+7rings 1on7stic/ surfaces ?nsulation7electrical $u"ricant %oatings Gears

Processing
1ot processa"le "# e.trusion or in:ection molding
Sintering
Put in appro. shape and heat<,>o F Similar to processing po dered metals Fusion

Ram e.trusion
%ompaction Rods and tu"es

%alendaring

)er# poor adhesion

;igh Performance Thermoplastics

PP+ Properties
Thermal sta"ilit#6e.cellent '<5>o F;igh ;!T F 3G5o F Good cold properties '7,G5o F$o ater a"sorption $o heat e.pansion Good solvent resistance* "ut can "e solvent elded

PP+ uses
(sed to replace stainless steel for surgical eHuipment Replace thermosets Pump housings )alve components )ideo terminal housings

Pol#ar#lether/etones 'PEED* PED* and +thers-

Pol#ar#lether/etones 'PEED* PED* and +thers-

Ether $in/age

Detone $in/age

Pol#sulfones 'PS( and PES-

Pol#sulfones 'PS( and PES-

Properties
Resistant to oils ;eat sta"ilit# '3>>o F%reep resistance S+, group adds stiffness More dimensionall# sta"le than PP+ Toughness6good

(ses
;ot ater pipes %offee pots !ish asher components 2utomo"ile applications near engines %ompete ith thermosets* "ut can "e in:ection molded

Thermoplastic Pol#imides 'P? and P2?-

Thermoplastic Pol#imides 'P? and P2?' n

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Properties
)er# stiff ;ighest thermal sta"ilit# P? cannot "e melted or melt processed P2? can "e 'TorlonP? is sintered ')espelP? film is cast as monomers and heated to pol#meri0e 'Dapton-

(ses
P? is used in circuit "oards ;igh temperature parts $o friction "earings* sliding parts Gears

%ellulosics

%ellulosics
1itrocellulose
Gun cotton

%ellulose nitrate
$acHuers and plastics

Properties

Fire
Fire ;ard
Plastici0ed ith camphor

&ater repellent

T#pes of %ellulosics
Ra#on
)iscose process

%ellophane Meth#l cellulose

Filler Edi"le

Than/ Iou

1#lon ;istor#
%arothers
?o a6BS ?llinois6Ph! ;arvard6Teach !uPont6"asic research

Pol#phen#lenes 'PPE* PP+* and PPS; ; ; % % ; % ; ; % % % % % ; ; ; +;

PP+