11 Ecology and the Biosphere

Ecology major themes

Physical environment & context Organismal ecology-->behaviour Population dynamics and life histories

Community ecology
Ecosystem dynamics biogeochemistry

Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive? A) individual, community, population, ecosystem B) ecosystem, community, population, individual C) community, ecosystem, individual, population D) individual, population, community, ecosystem E) population, ecosystem, individual, community

How are terrestrial biomes arranged?

How are aquatic biomes arranged?

Freeman 4th Fig 50.10

The atmosphere-ocean system is a heat engine.

Solar energy input density varies with latitude.

Freeman 4th Fig 50.24

Atmospheric Circulation Cells

Why does the Hadley Cell exist?

Whats the overall pattern of air & water movement?

Freeman 4th Fig 50.23

Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?
A) Increase moisture at the poles. B) Remove all moisture and convection from the equator. C) Remove the tilt in the earths axis so the Sun always shines directly on the equator. D) Extensively water the deserts. E) B and C.

Deserts are defined as areas receiving less than 25 mm precipitation/year. Where are the worlds deserts found today? a) b) c)
d) e)

near the equator because of the intense solar input. near the poles because of low water availability. at 30N and S latitude because of atmospheric circulation patterns. all of these B and C.

With your group, generalize about global wind patterns

Campbell 8th Fig. 52.10

Ocean current conveyor belt

Freeman 4th Fig. 50.2

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is false?

A) The higher the elevation, the cooler the climate. B) Arid conditions may appear on one side of a mountain range. C) Species composition on different sides of a mountain range are often different from each other. D) Both sides of a mountain range generally receive equal amounts of precipitation. E) The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation.

If global warming increases average temps on Earth by 4C, predict which biome is most likely to replace wet tundra?

Climograph, Campbell 8th, Fig 52.20

American beech range under two climate models. What other non-climate factors might affect the range? How would this change in distribution affect individual trees?

Freshwater and marine environments have zones defined by depth and distance from shore

In your group, explain temp and oxygen stratification with seasonal turnover in high latitude lakes

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

A) The coldest water sinks, driving turnover. B) The surface water gets to 4C only by cooling. C) In fall turnover, dense 4C water rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. D) Summer and winter stratification are exactly the same. E) In fall turnover, dense 4C water sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone.