Gas

Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere

5.1

5.1

Ciri-ciri fisik Gas:

Gas mengikuti bentuk dan volume tempatnya.. Gas adalah materi yang dapat dimampatkan. Gas akan tecampur rata seluruhnya apabila berada dalam satu ruang yang sama. Gas memiliki kerapatan yang sangat rendah dibandingkan dengan cairan dan padatan.

5.1

Tekanan=

Gaya Luas

(gaya = massa x percepatan)

Satuan Tekanan: 1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr

= 101,325 Pa = 14.7 psi = 29.92 in. Hg

Barometer

5.2

10 miles

0.2 atm

4 miles Sea level

0.5 atm 1 atm

5.2

Hukum Boyle
P 1/V
Ini berarti tekanan dan volume BERBANDING TERBALIK apabila mil dan suhu konstan (tidak berubah). Contohnya, P naik dan V turun.

P1V1 = P2 V2

Robert Boyle (1627-1691). Son of Earl of Cork, Ireland.

Hukum Charles
Jika tekanan dan mol konstan,maka V T V dan T BERBANDING
LURUS.

V1
=

V2 T2
Jacques Charles (17461823). Isolated boron and studied gases. Balloonist.

T1

If one temperature goes up, the volume goes up!

Gay-Lussacs Law
Jika mol dan volume konstan,maka P T P dan T BERBANDING LURUS. P1 P2
=

T1

T2

Joseph Louis GayLussac (1778-1850)

If one temperature goes up, the pressure goes up!

Combined Gas Law

The good news is that you dont have to remember all three gas laws! Since they are all related to each other, we can combine them into a single equation. BE SURE YOU KNOW THIS EQUATION! P1 V1 P2 V2 = T1 T2
No, its not related to R2D2

And now, we pause for this commercial message from STP

OK, so its really not THIS kind of STP STP in chemistry stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure

Standard Pressure = 1 atm (or an equivalent)

Standard Temperature = 25 deg C (298 K)

STP allows us to compare amounts of gases between different pressures and temperatures

Hukum Avogadro
V a jumlah mol (n) V = konstan x n
Constant temperature Constant pressure

V1/n1 = V2/n2

5.3

Persamaan Gas Ideal

Boyles law: V a 1 (at constant n and T) P Charles law: V a T (at constant n and P) Avogadros law: V a n (at constant P and T) Va nT P nT P =R nT P R is the gas constant

V = constant x

PV = nRT
5.4

Pada kondisi 25 0C and 1 atm dinamakan standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa pada STP, 1 mol gas ideal memenuhi 22.414 L.

PV = nRT (1 atm)(22.414L) PV R= = nT (1 mol)(273.15 K) R = 0.082057 L atm / (mol K)

5.4

Density (d) Calculations PM m d= = V RT

m is the mass of the gas in g M is the molar mass of the gas

Molar Mass (M ) of a Gaseous Substance

dRT M= P

d is the density of the gas in g/L

5.4

A 2.10-L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm and 27.00C. What is the molar mass of the gas?

dRT M= P

4.65 g m = = 2.21 d= 2.10 L V

g L

M=

g 2.21 L

x 0.0821

Latm molK

x 300.15 K

1 atm

M = 54.6 g/mol

5.3

Gas Stoichiometry

What is the volume of CO2 produced at 370 C and 1.00 atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the reaction: C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) g C6H12O6
5.60 g C6H12O6 x

6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) V CO2

mol C6H12O6

mol CO2

6 mol CO2 1 mol C6H12O6 x = 0.187 mol CO2 180 g C6H12O6 1 mol C6H12O6 0.187 mol x 0.0821 Latm x 310.15 K molK 1.00 atm

V=

nRT = P

= 4.76 L 5.5

Hukum Dalton mengenai Tekanan Parsial

V and T are
constant

P1

P2

Ptotal = P1 + P2
5.6

Consider a case in which two gases, A and B, are in a container of volume V.

nART PA = V nBRT PB = V

nA is the number of moles of A nB is the number of moles of B

PT = PA + PB
PA = XA PT

nA XA = nA + nB PB = XB PT

nB XB = nA + nB

Pi = Xi PT

mole fraction (Xi) =

ni nT
5.6

A sample of natural gas contains 8.24 moles of CH4, 0.421 moles of C2H6, and 0.116 moles of C3H8. If the total pressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the partial pressure of propane (C3H8)?

Pi = Xi PT

PT = 1.37 atm
= 0.0132

0.116 Xpropane = 8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116

Ppropane = 0.0132 x 1.37 atm = 0.0181 atm

5.6

Bottle full of oxygen gas and water vapor

2KClO3 (s)

2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g) 5.6

PT = PO2 + PH2 O

5.6

Chemistry in Action:
Scuba Diving and the Gas Laws
Depth (ft) 0 33 Pressure (atm) 1 2

66

5.6

Teori Kinetik Molekul Gas 1. Gas terdiri atas molekul-molekul yang bergerak random. 2. Tidak terdapat tarikan maupun tolakan antar molekul gas. 3. Tumbukan antar molekul adalah tumbukan elastik sempurna, yakni tidak ada energi kinetik yang hilang. 4. Bila dibandingkan dengan volume yang ditempati gas, volume real molekul gas dapat diabaikan.
5.7

Penyimpangan Perilaku Ideal

1 mole of ideal gas PV = nRT PV = 1.0 n= RT Repulsive Forces

Attractive Forces

5.8

Effect of intermolecular forces on the pressure exerted by a gas.

5.8

PersamaanVan der Waals Gas Nyata

2 an ( P + V2 ) (V nb) = nRT

Tekanan terkoreksi

volume terkoreksi

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5.8