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H. V. Distribution Systems
Existing system is to lay 11 KV lines, employ 3 phase DTRs 11kv / 433 volts and lay long LT lines
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(Contd.)
To fetch a load of one pump set of 5 HP (4 kw) ; two or three L.T. spans are to be laid On each DTR 63 or 100 KVA 20 to 30 such pump sets are connected. If used for domestic services about 100 consumers can be connected
Solution ? H V D S ?
To improve quality of supply and reduce losses HVDS is recommended 11 KV lines are extended to as nearer to the loads as possible and erect small size single phase transformers 5, 10 or 15 KVA and release supply with NO or least LT line Aim at LT less system starting from Less LT Unavoidable short LT lengths to be covered by insulated wires like ABC (Aerial Bunched Cables)
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Voltage drop
12.7
100
as
pump
set
Single phase motors are start and capacitor run Starters not required
capacitor
Built in capacitor
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A&B
H.V.D.S. to be implemented straight away where new villages are being electrified in view of its technical superiority Where 3 phase pump sets are in use HVDS can be implemented by converting existing LT lines for 11 KV
Even three Nos. smaller size single phase transformers can be used for providing three phase LT supply capacity (3Xindividual capacity)
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A&B
(Contd.)
Single phase transformers 6.3 kv / 233 Volts can be manufactured with single or two bushings Three single phase transformers can be connected with HVs in star or delta
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n n N A a B b C c
C b
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Comparison
Star Star Delta Star
Vector group connections Vector group connections outside outside Single HV bushing Two 11 kv bushings
Graded insulation on HV
Current rating is high and Current in HV is less in hence more copper delta and hence less copper
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(Contd.)
Even if one limb fails, single phase loads on that phase can be distributed on the other two and the failed unit can be replaced very quickly as it is easy to transport and erect
In the case of 3 phase large capacity transformers, entire unit is to be replaced and down time is high
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(Contd.)
In rural areas of low load densities HVDS using one or three Nos. single phase transformers can be employed without any hesitation Rural loads even village habitat portion are too low and mostly single phase In villages getting electrified afresh; the load densities are bound to be too low
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(D) Economics
Cost of three Nos. single phase transformers of capacity K is equal to a three phase transformer of capacity (3K) Cost of employing three single phase transformers is 1.3 times the cost of a 3 phase transformer There is no difference in no load losses and full load losses between one 3 phase transformer of 3 K and three Nos. single phase transformer of K
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(D) Economics
(Contd.)
However current for same capacity is too low at 11 KV compared to LT For 100 KVA current is 5 Amps at 11 KV and 140 Amps at LT Line losses get reduced in the ratio 52:1402 (25:19600) Hence highly economical
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(E) Usage of three Nos. single phase against one three phase transformer in urban localities
The schemes being implemented in many rural areas are mostly such as Kutir Jyothi and A Lamp for each house do not need high capacity transformers.
There are single 5, 10, 15 / 16 capacity transformers also which can be used advantageously in these light load areas
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(E) Usage of three Nos. single phase against one three phase transformer in urban localities
This has many advantages as follows Capacities of single phase units can be so selected to avoid laying LT lines as these units are available in ratings from 5 KVA to 15 KVA Single phase loads can be connected on individual single phase transformers duly dividing them.
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(E) Usage of three Nos. single phase against one three phase transformer in urban localities
In respect of extremely few three phase loads with connected loads of 4 kw or above (very rare in rural areas) three single phase transformers of smaller capacities can be employed.
The loads are too small that they cannot contribute to high unbalances.
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(E) Usage of three Nos. single phase against one three phase transformer in urban localities
In the event of one phase unit giving trouble, the loads can be distributed on the other two phase units and the defective unit can be taken out easily Transport, replacement is very easy and can be done much faster. In fact a rolling stock of 4% can be maintained at each distribution section office for faster replacement
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APSPDCL
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35 Continue
Damage to standing crops, due to delay in replacement of failed distribution transformers. Fluctuations in voltages due to more number of consumers connected under this transformer (say 25 to 30 consumers). Nobody owns the transformer since everybody thinks that others will take care of the transformer.
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CALCULATION OF LT LINE LOSSES Electronic meters fixed on the LV Side of the distribution transformers All Agricultural Services provided with electronic energy meters.
Continue 37
Kottur-ss I
Sugarcane, paddy
3.6Km 39 179.5 HP 13 days 4290 units 3490.4 units 799.6 units 18.63%
Murakkombattu ss II
Coconut , mango garden, paddy and part of the land cultivated by sugarcane.
3.0 Km 24 130 HP 14 days 3059 units 2638 units 421 units 13.76%
Crop pattern
Length of LT lines No. of Pump sets Connected Loads No. of days Input Output Loss of units % of line loss
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Patnam-ss
Sugarcane90% paddy &G.nut 1.59Km 9 72.5 HP+2.25 KW 40 days 17672 units 14700 units 2972 units 16.82%
Bangarupalem ss
Sugar cane,Paddy,Coconut,Mango Garden 3.3 Km 38 130 HP 19 days 6152 units 5149 units 1003 units 16.30%
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Length of LT lines No. of Pump sets Connected Loads No. of days Input Output Loss of units % of line loss
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As seen from the previous table results the LT line losses are more in LT distribution network.
To overcome this,HVD 3Ph system is introduced by A.P.S.P.D.C.L to maintain better voltages and reliability of supply.
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HVD SYSTEM
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HVD SYSTEM
Existing LT Lines converted into HV Lines by replacing L T 3-Phase crossarm by 11KV . V crossarm Replacement of 3 number L T pininsulators with 3 number 11KV pin insulators. Replacement of 3 number LT shackles with 3 number 11KV strain insulators . Erection of additional supports where ever clearances are inadequate. Erection of smaller capacity 3 phase distribution transformer of 15 KVA capacity for every 2 to 3 pumpsets. Connection of existing pumpsets from the newly erected 15KVA distribution transformers with airbunched cable .
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11 KV CT PT set erected in place of existing 100 KVA Distribution Transformer Readings taken simultaneously at CT PT set and at all pump sets. Losses worked out.
Continue 48
Sl.No
1)
2) 3)
4)
5)
OUTPUT
Losses
5019.2 units
290.8 units
3712.2 units
213.8 units
49 Continue
Sl.No
6)
Particulars
Kotturu ss-I
Murakambatt u ss-II
5.44%
7)
18.63%
13.76%
8)
13.16%
8.32%
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Sl.No
1)
2) 3)
4)
Loss of units
69.7 units
12.6 units
51 Continue
Sl.No
5)
Particulars
Patnam ss-II
Bangarupalem ss-II
3.77%
6)
16.82%
16.30%
7)
11.52%
12.53%
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Length of HT lines
Length of LT lines
3.6 Km
2.6Km
1 Km 15KVA- 11 no/.. 420 volts 5.47%
No of Distribution 100 KVA 1 no/.. transformers Voltage at tail end % line losses 350 volts 18.63%
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420
350
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% Line losses
20.00% 18.00% 16.00% 18.63%
% Line losses
14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% % line losses % Line losses before HVD System % Line losses after HVD System 5.47
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Particulars
Length of HT lines Length of LT lines
LT
3.6 Km
HVDS
2.04Km 0.96 Km 15KVA- 10 no/.. 430 volts 5.44%
No of Distribution 100 KVA 1 no/.. transformers Voltage at tail end % line losses 385 volts 13.76%
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430
420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 Voltage Series1 at tail end Series2 375
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Murakambattu SS II 100 KVA 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% % line losses
13.76%
% Line losses
5.44%
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PATNAM SS-II 63 KVA Particulars Length of HT lines Length of LT lines LT 1.59 Km HVDS 1.59 Km 15KVA- 8 no/.. 420 volts 5.30%
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Patnam SS II 63 KVA
440 430 420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 Voltage Series1 at tail end Series2 340 420
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Patnam SS II 63 KVA
16.00% 14.00%
% Line losses
16.82%
12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% % line losses 5.3%
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1. Reinforcement of existing LT net work of 7/2.59 ACSR conductor with 55 sqmm conductor.
2.Providing of required rated capacitors at each agricultural services.
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Bangaru Palem SS-IV 100 KVA with reinforcement of conductor and installing rated capacitors.
Particulars Length of HT lines Length of LT lines 3.3 Km LT HVDS 2.5 Km 0.8 Km 15KVA- 9 no/.. 430 volts 3.77%
No of Distribution 100 KVA 1 no/.. transformers Voltage at tail end % line losses 320 volts 16.30 %
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Bangaru Palem SS-IV 100 KVA. Comparison between HVDS with existing conductor and HVDS with reinforcement of conductor and installing rated capacitors HVDS with existing conductor 420 volts 5.31 % HVDS with Reinforcement of conductor and rated capacitors 430 volts 3.77%
Particulars
Voltage at tail end % line losses
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430
420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 Voltage Series1 at tail end Series2 320
16.30%
12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% % line losses 3.77%
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Considerable reduction in line losses and consequent savings in power purchase cost
Since Losses are reduced considerably ,Power can be supplied to additional loads without any further investment on infrastructure.
No additional generation capacity needed for giving new loads due to reduction in power drawals. Accidents due to touching of snapped conductors reduced due to the fact that the breaker trips at substation since the line is at 11 KV potential.
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Interaction with the consumers by CMD/APSPDCL& JMD (vigilance)A.P. Transco on 01.10.2002 at Doddipalle
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Interaction with the consumers by CMD/APSPDCL& JMD (vigilance)A.P.Transco on 01.10.2002 at Murakambattu SSII
Consumers opined that The motors are drawing less current and hence life span of motor has increased.The rate of motor burnouts are also reduced. The motors running smoothly without hissing noise. The transformer failures are almost avoided. Theft of energy eliminated since the consumers will not allow others to pilfer from their Distribution Transformer. Interruptions have been minimized and quality of supply assured. Due to reliability of supply ,2 crops can be raised and can increase the productivity.
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