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ENGLISH RENAISSANCE & ENLIGHTENMENT

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ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century.

LITERATURE
England had a strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular, which gradually increased as English use of the printing press became common by the mid 16th century. By the time of Elizabethan literature a vigorous literary culture in both drama and poetry included poets such as Edmund Spenser. Instead the lyrics of William Shakespeare, Thomas Wyatt and others, typically circulating in manuscript form for some time before they were published, and above all the plays of English Renaissance theatre, were the outstanding legacy of the period.

VISUAL ART
England was very slow to produce visual arts in Renaissance styles, and the artists of the Tudor court were mainly imported foreigners until after the end of the Renaissance; Hans Holbein was the outstanding figure. The significant English invention was the portrait miniature, which essentially took the techniques of the dying art of the illuminated manuscript and transferred them to small portraits worn in lockets.

ARCHITECTURE
Despite some buildings in a partly Renaissance style from the reign of Henry VIII, notably Hampton Court Palace, the vanished Nonsuch Palace, Sutton Place and Layer Marney Tower, it was not until the Elizabethan architecture of the end of the century that a true Renaissance style emerged, influenced far more by northern Europe than Italy. The most famous buildings are large show houses constructed for courtiers, and characterised by lavish use of glass, as at "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall", Wollaton Hall and Hatfield House and Burghley House, the style continuing into the early 17th century before developing into Jacobean architecture.

THE ENGLISH ENLIGHTENMENT


Events

1649 English Civil War overthrows Charles I, installs Cromwell


1688 Glorious Revolution unseats James II, installs William and Mary

1690 Locke publishes Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government

QUESTIONS
1. The English Renaissance was

A) a political and economical movement


B) a social and cultural movement C) a cultural and artistic movement

2. By the time of Elizabethan literature a vigorous literary culture in both drama and poetry included poets such as ...
A) Edmund Spenser B) Thomas Wyatt

C) William Shakespeare

QUESTIONS
3. The significant English invention in visual art was

A) the autoportait
B) the caricature C) the portrait miniature

4. The most famous buildings are


A) small B) large C) high

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