Salivary glands :-

Salivary glands :-

Salivary glands :-

Salivary glands :-

SALIVA
Properties of saliva :-

1. Volume : 1000 to 1500 ml / day. ie, 1 ml/ minute.

2. Reaction : acidic with pH of 6.35 6.85.

3. Specific gravity : b/w 1.002 & 1.012.

4. Tonicity : hypotonic to plasma.

Composition of saliva:Mixed saliva contains : 1. 99.5% water 2. 0.5 % solids

saliva

solids

water

Organic substances

Inorganic substances

Others like gases

Enzymes

Other organic substances

Enzymes

Other organic substances

1. Proteins 2. Bld group antigens 3. Free amino acids 4. Non protein nitrogenous substances urea, uric acid,creatinine, xanthine, hypoxathine.

Inorganic Others substances

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Sodium Calcium Potassium Bicarbonate Bromide Chloride Fluoride phosphate 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Nitrogen

1. Amylase (Ptyalin) 2. Maltase 3. Lingual lipase 4. Lysozyme 5. Proline rich proteins 6. Lactoferrin 7. Secreted IgA 8. Phosphatase 9. Carbonic anhydrase 10.kallikrein

Functions of saliva :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Preparation of food for swallowing. Appreciation of taste. Digestive function. Cleansing & protective function. Role in speech. Excretory function. Regulation of body temperature. Regulation of water balance.

Reflex regulation of saliva :Saliva secretion is a reflex phenomenon.

There are 2 types of reflex : 1. Unconditioned reflex 2. Conditioned reflex

Unconditioned reflex :1. It is a inborn reflex present since the birth. 2. Salivation occurs when any substances is placed on the mouth. 3. Sensory stimuli arises from mouth , oesophagus (oesophago salivary reflex ) , stomach ( gastro salivary reflex ) , other viscera ( eg :- distended uterus ) .

Conditioned reflex :1. It is a acquired reflex by experience. 2. Presence of food not necessary. 3. Salivation occurs from the sight, smell or thought of food. 4. Sensory stimuli arises from eyes , nose ear etc .

Mechanism of salivary secretion:-

Saliva secretion occurs in 2 stages : 1. first stage in the acini 2. second stage in the ducts

Saliva secretion

Applied physiology :Hyposalivation : 1. Temporary 2. Permanent

Hypersalivation : 1. Physiological 2. Pathological

Other disorders : 1. Xerostomia 2. Drooling 3. Chorda tympani syndrome 4. Paralytic secretion of saliva 5. Augmented secretion of saliva 6. Mumps 7.Sjogrens syndrome.

Hyposalivation
1. Temporary
a. Emotional conditions like fear. b. Fever c. Dehydration 2. Permanent a. Sialolithiasis.

b. Congenital absence or hypoplasia of salivary glands.

c. Bells palsy.

Hypersalivation
1. Physiological
a. Pregnancy 2. Pathological a. Decay of teeth or neoplasm b. Disease of oesophagus, stomach& intestine. c. Neurological disorders like MR & cerebral palsy. d. Cerebral stroke e. Parkinsonism f. Some psychological & psychiatric conditions. g. Nausea & vomitting