Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
V22.0004
Computer graphics boil down to two basic types: (bitmaps and vectors )
1.
TIFF for print; Photoshop's PSD and BMP; and GIF, JPG, and PNG for the Web.
2. Vector graphics:
Unlike bitmaps, vector graphics are not based on pixel patterns, but instead use
Types of graphics
1.
Photographic images:
2.
Solid colors, up to 256 colors, with text or lines and sharp edges
RGB: Uses millions of colors. Flexible for editing. Use when working on editing or creating an image (millions of colors). Save file as .psd . Remember when saving in PSD, this will produce a large file and will not be viewed on the web. The PSD file is good to use while editing file. Layers are available in this mode and not in gif or jpg, or png (they are compressed/ flattened files) Jpg/png24, uses RGB but NOT gif. CMYK: The CMYK model is based on the light-absorbing quality of ink printed on paper. - Pure cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) pigments should combine to absorb all light and produce black. For this reason these colors are called subtractive colors. - Use when working on images for print and save as .tiff and use high resolution (200600). Indexed color mode: 8bit or 256 colors. Used with .gif files. Not flexible to use while editing and you will get chunky result
Resolution
Resolution The resolution of an image describes how fine the dots are that make up that image. The more dots, the higher the resolution (better quality). Resolution for the screen/web (dependant on monitor size):
When displayed on a monitor, the dots are called pixels. A 640-by-480-pixels on screen is capable of displaying 640 distinct dots on each of its 480 lines, or about (640 X 480) 300,000 pixels. Use 72 - 200 resolution for web (Note: if use higher resolution than 72, your file size will increase and dimensions of height and width as well) A 300 dpi (dots per inch) printer is capable of printing 300 dots in a line 1 inch long. This means it can print 90,000 (300 X 300) dots per square inch Use 200- 1200 resolution for printing
To resize image:
go back to the Image pulldown and select Image Size. Enter in the size you want (either the pixel dimension or in inches - make sure the resolution box reads "72") and click OK.
Gif uses LZW (Lemple-Zev-Welch) compression. This compression takes advantage of the repetitions in data streams. LZW is efficient for storing simple graphic, flat colors, Banners, logos (images with little color shading)..
which compresses shades of tones that are not visible by the eye without loss of quality
Format for Print/editing/scan: Tiff : (great quality image used for print)
TIFF - Image File Format (.TIF files). TIF files are large, huge even, but it's the price we pay, it's how large the data is. TIFF is the most universal format, about any program on any platform will handle TIFF. TIFF has been the format of choice for use for master copies of scanned data for years. TIFF was developed by Aldus, before Adobe bought them, and is the most widely supported format across other platforms. Not used on the web Great for print (good quality), but remember that its a large file
Other formats: These formats are not commonly used on the web (as they are not supported by all browsers)
BMP (Windows Bitmap) BMP will handle 24 bit data but it cannot be compressed. BMP uses RLE (Run Length Encoding) to compress 8 bit data, which is effective in graphics, but much less effective in continuous tones like photos.
PICT (Macintosh Quickdraw) PICT is used in page layout and graphics programs; it creates large files and is not suitable for exchange with Windows programs.
Browser Safe palate ( web): Browser uses 256 colors (8 bits). 40 colors are reserved for its own use 216 colors are used by the browser Dithering: browser tries to substitute colors if not part of its palate Interlace: browser will display image gradually Anti-alias: blending of pixel colors on perimeter of hard-edge shapes. Smooth edges and not jagged
File formats to use: gif, jpg or png To save for the web using Photoshop:
From the FILE menu, select SAVE FOR WEB and then select the desired web format from the window that comes up. Make sure you select 0 dithering colors (minimal loss of color)
To reduce image size and resolution: From the image menu, select image size You can also use the Crop tool to remove parts of the image along the perimeter You can change the orientation of the image: From the image menu, select Rotate canvas To restore some lost information after resizing image (or scanning) Apply unsharp mask: from filter menu choose sharpen then select unsharp mask You can also try to adjust colors (after scanning or changing size of image): Image menu: select adjustments, then try the following Curves Auto levels Auto contrast Variations
Output to screen/web
Format: Jpg or png Mode: RGB -Millions of colors Resolution: 72-200 The lower resolution, the lower file size
Output to printer
Format: .tiff or .pict - mode: CMYK -Millions of colors -resolution200-600
Mode: RGB: best for web Save file as: .psd CMYK: mode used for printing Save file as: .tiff
Mode: RGB: mode best for screen Save file as: .psd)
CMYK:mode used for printing Save file as: .tiff
Format: Gif or png8 -256 colors (mode: index) Resolution:72 The lower resolution, lower file size
Scanning
After scanning and editing image, save for desired output as mentioned above
-Type tool
- Eye dropper tool -to select a foreground color from image -Foreground color - used when using type, paint bucket, pecil, paint brush -Background color - used when cut from edit menu