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SYMPOSIUM ON SOLVENT EXTRACTION REVISITED FEBRUARY 5TH 6th , 2010 IIChE (NRC) Auditorium NEW DELHI-INDIA
Solvent Deasphalting
Introduction
Deasphalting solvents
Process variables
Solvent recovery
SOLVENT DEASPHALTING A physical separation based residue upgradation process, separates vacuum residue on the basis of both molecular type & size. Produces extra heavy viscosity lube base stock and / or feedstock for conversion units. Pitch or Asphalt is obtained as bottom product
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CFBC
Gasification
Deasphalting Solvents
Commercially used solvents are
LIGHTER SOLVENTS : PROPANE & ISOBUTANE
Higher selectivity Reject all resins and asphaltenes Suitable for production of lubes oils HEAVIER SOLVENTS : n-BUTANE, PENTANE (n& i) and LIGHT NAPHTHA -- Less selective than the lighter solvents Produce higher yields of DAO/DMO (suitable as conversion feedstocks)
Product Applications
DAO
ASPHALT / PITCH
Processing of DAO
PROCESSING FOR LUBE : Lube production increased by approx 20% : 1/3rd of cat. cracking feed in a refinery can be DAO
CRACKING
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Processing of Asphalt
Process
BLENDING : Tailor made asphalt (bitumen) or fuel oil
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CAPACITY, MMT/A
548,000 574,000 650,000
TECHNOLOGY
IIP / EIL IIP / EIL ROMANIAN/ EXPANSION BY EIL / ROSE
Produce higher yields of DAO / DMO compared to propane Status No application in India so far
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Butane (C4)
Pentane (C5)
V
Ni
70
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1.1
0.3
2.5
0.7
7
2.1
23
7
ASPHALT
Sp. Gravity Sof. Pt. (R&B), C PEN. (25C, 100g, 5 sec.) 1/10 mm (Feed : Arabian medium V.R) ---1.047 160 5 1.089 225 0 1.116 270 0 1.175 390 0
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PROPANE
BUTANE
PENTANE
50 80
100 130
170 210
3.5 4.0
~ 4.0
~ 4.0
69
47
3-5
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Advantages of
Supercritical Solvent Recovery
More energy efficient approach Utilities savings up to 40% (with heavier solvents)
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Conversion Feed-stocks
VGO
Produced through vacuum distillation (broad cut ~ 370-540C, typical)
DAO / DMO
Produced through heavier solvent deasphalting
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Effect of Impurities
NITROGEN
Nitrogen compounds neutralize acidic function of catalyst, essential for cracking
SULFUR
Causes corrosion and catalyst poison
METALS
Deposit irreversibly on catalyst surface, influence life of catalyst
CCR / ASPHALTENES
Coke precursors
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Feed to Unit
FCC
RFCC
Hydrocracking
-0.12
-3.0
8.0
1.5
30-50
3
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Light cuts and deasphalted oil are blended to yield product for further processing
Yield of liquid products increases about 10 wt%
SDA process is being applied in many ways allowing the refiner to move towards zero fuel oil production
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Conclusions
SDA now is a widely adopted process in refineries for production of lubes / conversion feedstocks For better DAO/DMO quality and higher yields, towers with more efficient internals are being used Conversion from sub-critical to supercritical mode of solvent recovery is continued world over for reducing operating costs Capital cost reduction through better design of unit is being attempted Improved process economy through effective utilization of asphalt product , e.g. as feedstock in IGCC unit for production of hydrogen, steam and power
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