SAP - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

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Process-Based Enterprise Logic

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Data Flow Logic

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Procurement Process Example

In the procurement process, there may be different business partners for different roles in the transaction. These partner roles are defined in vendor master data Ordering Address Invoice Presented By

Vendor

Goods Supplier
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Payment Received By
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Procurement Process

Customer Internal Demand Goods Receipt Purchase Requisition

Vendor Purchase Order

Invoice Receipt
Pay Invoice 12/27/2013

Material Master Data

An advantage of the SAP system is that it maintains one set of data in real time. Material data is used by many functional areas. With non-integrated systems, each system may contain material data, and this data is not always consistent. In the SAP system, the data is consistently correct or incorrect.

Material Master data is organized by Views. Depending on the type of material, only certain views need to be used. As the system is configured, additional views can be added as necessary.

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Material Master Views

Basic Data 1 Basic Data 2 Classification Sales: Sales Org Data 1 Sales: Sales Org Data 2 Sales: General/Plant Data Foreign Trade: Export Data Sales Text Purchasing MRP 1 MRP 2 MRP 3 MRP 4 Forecasting Work Scheduling

General Plant Data/Storage 1 General Plant Data/Storage 2 Warehouse Management 1 Warehouse Management 2 Quality Management Accounting 1 Accounting 2 Costing 1 Costing 2

Basic Data, Classification are not plant-specific Other views are plant-specific

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Material Master Views

Basic Data View

NRG-A Bars
Base unit: CS Gross wt: 72 lb.
Non-plant specific Plant specific

Plant 1000 NRG-A Bars

Lead Time: 2 days Std. Price: 216.80

Plant 2000 MRP Views NRG-A Bars

Lead Time: 3 days Std. Price: 223.20

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Purchasing Process

Create Purchase Requisition Where analysis/vendor selection occurs Create Purchase Order from Requisition Requisition items can be used to generate multiple purchase orders Create Goods Receipt Create Invoice Receipt Post Outgoing Payment Unfortunately, there is no purchasing document flow (BT: why not? )

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Sales & Credit Management Example

Credit Management is a cross-functional activity between SD and FI

SD
Sales People want to sell

C R E D I T

FI
FI People want to reduce risk

Credit is an independent function in the SAP R/3 system

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Credit/Risk Process
Credit Management
Cust: Health Express Risk: Medium Credit Limit: $10,000 Ttl. Commit: $6,000 Blocked document list or E-mail (opt.) Review situation Release order Pick, pack & ship order Bill Customer

SD, FI
Order: 5923 Order Amount: $5,000 Credit Limit Exceeded Block order E-mail to credit rep. (opt.)

Credit control (blocks) can be applied at order entry, delivery creation or goods issue
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Static vs. Dynamic Checks

Open order Open order Open order Open delivery value Receivables

Credit Limit
Open order Open order Open delivery value Receivables

Open order

Dynamic Check

Static Check

Credit Horizon
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Decentralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1 Company Code 1 Sales Org.1

Credit Control Area 2 Company Code 2 Sales Org.2

Health Express Limit: $50,000

Health Express Limit: $100,000

Each company code sets and monitors a credit limit independently

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Centralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1 Company Code 1 Sales Org.1 Company Code 2 Sales Org.2

Health Express Limit: $150,000

Health Express

Transactions with each company code apply to the single credit limit set for the single credit control area

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Exchange Rates
Credit Control Area 1 Currency: USD Company Code 1 Currency: USD Sales Org.1 Company Code 2 Currency: EU Sales Org.2

Health Express

Health Express

Limit: $150,000
Receivables for Company Code 2 are converted from Euros to US Dollars when credit is checked

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Automatic Credit Control

Determine points at which credit check is carried out (order creation, delivery creation or goods issue) Determine type of check Based on: Credit control area Risk category Document (credit group)

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Automatic Credit Control

Sales organization Company Code Credit Control Area
As of release 4.0, Credit control area can also be Determined via: user exits payer sales area

Customer

Transaction Type

Risk Category

Credit group

When Credit is Checked Why Credit is Checked What the system does (warning, error)
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